Suchergebnis: Katalogdaten im Herbstsemester 2023
Erdwissenschaften Master  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Vertiefung in Mineralogy and Geochemistry | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wahlpflichtmodule Mineralogy und Geochemistry Innerhalb der Majors Mineralogy and Geochemistry sind mindestens zwei Wahlpflichtmodule zu absolvieren. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geochemistry | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Geochemistry: Wahlpflichtfächer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nummer | Titel | Typ | ECTS | Umfang | Dozierende | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 651-4233-00L | Composition and Evolution of the Earth and Planets Findet dieses Semester nicht statt. | W | 3 KP | 2V | P. A. Sossi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kurzbeschreibung | In this Masters-level course, we address the formation and evolution of the rocky planets with a particular focus on the chemical and isotopic make-up of the Earth and its mantle. This is achieved through analysis of its partial melting products in different tectonic settings and through time. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lernziel | Students will gain an insight into cutting-edge research in planetary science and the geochemical evolution of Earth's mantle. The objective is to be able to synthesise scientific studies whose conclusions differ, and, eventually, to form a coherent opinion by debating and scrutinising the available data. This will be achieved by weekly lectures and exercises throughout the semester, culminating in a debate on a topical subject in Earth and planetary science. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 651-4057-00L | Climate History and Palaeoclimatology | W | 4 KP | 2G | H. Stoll, H. Zhang | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kurzbeschreibung | Climate history and paleoclimatology explores how the major features of the earth's climate system have varied in the past, and the driving forces and feedbacks for these changes. The major topics include the earth's CO2 concentration and mean temperature, the size and stability of ice sheets and sea level, the amount and distribution of precipitation, and the ocean heat transport. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lernziel | The student will be able to describe the natural factors lead to variations in the earth's mean temperature, the growth and retreat of ice sheets, and variations in ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns, including feedback processes. Students will be able to interpret evidence of past climate changes from the main climate indicators or proxies recovered in geological records. Students will be able to use data from climate proxies to test if a given hypothesized mechanism for the climate change is supported or refuted. Students will be able to compare the magnitudes and rates of past changes in the carbon cycle, ice sheets, hydrological cycle, and ocean circulation, with predictions for climate changes over the next century to millennia. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inhalt | The course spans 5 thematic modules: 1. Cyclic variation in the earth's orbit and the rise and demise of ice sheets. Ice sheets and sea level - What do expansionist glaciers want? What is the natural range of variation in the earth's ice sheets and the consequent effect on sea level? How do cyclic variations in the earth's orbit affect the size of ice sheets under modern climate and under past warmer climates? What conditions the mean size and stability or fragility of the large polar ice caps and is their evidence that they have dynamic behavior? What rates and magnitudes of sea level change have accompanied past ice sheet variations? How stable or fragile is the ocean heat conveyor, past and present? 2. Feedbacks on climate cycles from CO2 and methane. What drives CO2 and methane variations over glacial cycles? What are the feedbacks with ocean circulation and the terrestrial biosphere? 3. Atmospheric circulation and variations in the earth's hydrological cycle - How variable are the earth's precipitation regimes? How large are the orbital scale variations in global monsoon systems? 4. Century-scale droughts and civil catastrophes. Will mean climate change El Nino frequency and intensity? What factors drive change in mid and high-latitude precipitation systems? Is there evidence that changes in water availability have played a role in the rise, demise, or dispersion of past civilizations? 5. How sensitive is Earth's long term climate to CO2 and cloud feedbacks? What regulates atmospheric CO2 over long tectonic timescales of millions to tens of millions of years? The weekly two hour lecture periods will feature lecture on these themes interspersed with short interactive tasks to apply new knowledge. Over the semester, student teams will each present in class one debate based on two scientific articles of contrasting interpretations. With flexible scheduling, students will participate in a laboratory activity to generate a new paleoclimate record from stalagmites. Student teams will be supported by an individual tutorial meeting to assist in debate preparation and another to assist in the interpretation of the lab activity data. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kompetenzen |
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| 651-4225-00L | Topics in Geochemistry Findet dieses Semester nicht statt. | W | 3 KP | 2G | S. Bernasconi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kurzbeschreibung | In this course we present and discuss advanced topics in geochemistry based on the critical reading of research papers. Themes include hydrothermal geochemistry, isotopes in meterorites, low temperature geochemistry and biogeochemistry. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lernziel | The goal of the course is discuss topics in advanced geochemistry which were not covered in other general and specialized geochemistry courses. In addition, we aim at training the student's ability to critically evaluate research papers and to summarize the findings concisely in an oral presentation. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inhalt | Themes will vary from year to year and suggestions from students are welcome. Some possible topics are: Organic geochemistry. Isotope geochemistry of organic matter: carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. Clumped isotopes Mass-independent isotope fractionation Mass transfer and isotopes in modern and ancient ocean-floor hydrothermal systems and subduction zone environments. Noble gas geochemistry: terrestrial and extraterrestrial applications Metal isotopes as tracers for global geochemical cycles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skript | None | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literatur | Will be identified based on the chosen topic. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kompetenzen |
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| 651-4010-00L | Planetary Physics and Chemistry | W | 3 KP | 2G | C. Gillmann | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kurzbeschreibung | This course aims to give a physical understanding of the formation, structure, dynamics and evolution of planetary bodies in our solar system and also apply it to ongoing discoveries regarding planets around other stars. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lernziel | The goal of this course is to enable students to understand current knowledge and uncertainties regarding the formation, structure, dynamics and evolution of planets and moons in our solar system, as well as ongoing discoveries regarding planets around other stars. Students will practice making quantitative calculations relevant to various aspects of these topics through weekly homeworks. The main topics covered are: Orbital dynamics and Tides, Solar heating and Energy transport, Planetary atmospheres, Planetary surfaces, Planetary interiors, Asteroids and Meteorites, Comets, Planetary rings, Magnetic fields and Magnetospheres, The Sun and Stars, Planetary formation, Exoplanets and Exobiology | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skript | Slides and scripts will be posted on Moodle. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literatur | It is recommended but not mandatory to buy one of these books: Planetary Sciences, 2nd edition, by Imke de Pater & Jack J. Lissauer (hardback), Cambridge University Press, 2015. Available free online from ETH's network. Fundamental Planetary Science (updated edition), by Jack J. Lissauer & Imke de Pater (paperback), Cambridge University Press, 2019. Fundamental Planetary Science, by Jack J. Lissauer & Imke de Pater (paperback), Cambridge University Press, 2013. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kompetenzen |
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| 651-4229-00L | Advanced Geochronology | W | 3 KP | 2G | M. Guillong, H. Busemann, M. G. Fellin, D. Szymanowski | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kurzbeschreibung | This lecture gives an overview of methods and applications of geochronology across a wide range of Earth Science disciplines. Several in their field specialized lecturers cover the principles and methods and will give insight into recent applications and research projects. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lernziel | The purpose of this lecture is to provide a comprehensive overview of: a) the different radiometric methods in Geology, the different dating tasks and the constraints put by the complexity of natural systems, including dating by cosmogenic nuclides, b) the various analytical tools available today for radiometric dating, their advantages and disadvantages, c) the use of noble gases in Geochemistry and d) detailed description of case studies, as examples of approach of a number of geological problems and interpretation of the data. At the end students know the different isotope systems, methods and their application. Understand literature and critical reading and interpretation of published data is possible. For simple geochronological questions they can describe a scientific approach and possible solution. They can plot and interprete data using IsoplotR for different applications. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Inhalt | 1. Introduction and overview, Data visualization and statistics in IsoplotR, Principles of U-Pb geochronology 2. In situ U-Pb geochronology 1 (LA-ICPMS/SIMS principles, zircon) 3. In situ U-Pb geochronology 2 (calcite, garnet, other minerals) 4. High-precision ID-TIMS U-Pb geochronology (principles and applications) 5. High-precision U-series geochronology (carbonates, silicates) 6. In situ U-series geochronology (zircon, garnet etc.) 7. K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology , Principles and Applications 8. Fission Track dating 9. U-Th/He dating 10. Thermochronology applications/lab visit 11. Noble gases - basics, reservoirs, geo/cosmochem. applications: mainly chronology 12. Cosmogenic nuclides (stable and radionuclides) - basics, geo/cosmochem. applications, C14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Skript | Script (for part of the lecture), partly power point presentations (in the web) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literatur | http://elementsmagazine.org/get_pdf.php?fn=e9_1.pdf&dr=e9_1 Geochronology and Thermochronology Author(s):Peter W. ReinersRichard W. CarlsonPaul R. RenneKari M. CooperDarryl E. GrangerNoah M. McLeanBlair Schoene First published:8 January 2018 Online ISBN:9781118455876 |DOI:10.1002/9781118455876 - Faure, G. and Mensing, T. (2005): Isotopes. Principles and applications. 3rd ed. John Wiley and Sons. - Dickin, A. (2005): Radiogenic Isotope Geology. 2nd ed. Cambridge University press. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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