Search result: Catalogue data in Autumn Semester 2019

Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
Human Medicine Bachelor
First Year Examinations
First Year Examination Block 1
377-0105-00L	Musculoskeletal System Only for Human Medicine BSc	O	5 credits	5V	J. Goldhahn, O. Distler, C. Maake, M. Steinwachs
Abstract	Structure and function of the human musculoskeletal system including its major disorders (acute and chronic).
Learning objective	- Die Studierenden sind fähig, sich im klinischen Alltag mit korrekter Fachsprache an den Diskussionen im Team zu beteiligen. - Die Studierenden können die Funktion des Bewegungsapparates beim gesunden Menschen physiologisch korrekt beschreiben. - Die Studierenden können aufgrund ihrer Kenntnisse über die Regenerationsfähigkeit der unterschiedlichen Gewebe im Bewegungsapparat zu einem Therapieplan beitragen. - Die Studierenden erkennen Schmerz als Leitsymptom in der Diagnostik und der erfolgreichen Therapie. - Die Studierenden können Behandlungsmethoden für die häufigsten akuten und chronischen Krankheitsbilder zuordnen und vergleichen.
Content	Die Studierenden lernen an Hand von exemplarischen Krankheitsbildern Aufbau und Funktion des Bewegungsapparates sowie wichtige Störungen. Sie lernen dessen Gewebsarten sowie deren Funktionsweise und Regeneration kennen. Wichtige akute und chronische Krankheitsbilder und deren Therapieprinzipien werden vermittelt. Zusätzlich erfolgt die Vorstellung weiterer Krankheitsbilder in Seminarform.
377-0107-00L	Nervous System Only for Human Medicine BSc	O	5 credits	5V	D. P. Wolfer, I. Amrein, J. Bohacek, D. Burdakov, G. Schratt, L. Slomianka, O. Ullrich, N. Wenderoth, further lecturers
Abstract	Structure and function of the central and peripheral nervous system including its major disorders.
Learning objective	Nach erfolgreichem Abschluss dieses Moduls sollten die Studierenden in der Lage sein 1. wichtige Zelltypen des Nervensystems (Neuronen, Gliazellen) aufgrund ihres Aufbaus und ihrer Funktion zu unterscheiden 2. neurophysiologische Grundlagen der Reizleitung und -verarbeitung im peripheren und zentralen Nervensystem korrekt zu beschreiben 3. die am Aufbau des peripheren und zentralen Nervensystems beteiligten Organstrukturen und Schaltkreise korrekt zu benennen 4. den unterschiedlichen Hirnarealen entsprechende Funktionen bei der Homöostase, Sensorik, Motorik und Kognition zuzuordnen 5. mit dem Funktionsverlust bestimmter Strukturen des zentralen und peripheren Nervensystems einhergehende Krankheitsbilder zu benennen und die Wirkungsweise gängiger Therapieansätze zu verstehen
Content	In diesem Modul bekommen Studierende einen Überblick über den Aufbau (Anatomie) und die Funktion (Physiologie) des peripheren und zentralen Nervensystems sowie ausgewählter neurologischer Krankheitsbilder (Pathophysiologie). Das Modul ist untergliedert in insgesamt sechs Themenkomplexe: 1. Grundlagen der Neurophysiologie, Reizleitung und -verarbeitung am Beispiel der motorischen Endplatte, peripheres Nervensystem, Assoziierte Krankheitsbilder (Myasthenia gravis) 2. Aufbau, Schaltkreise und Bahnen im Rückenmark, Spinalnerven, motorische Reizleitung im Rückenmark, Rückenmarksläsionen und Schmerz 3. Anatomie und Funktion des Hirnstamms und Hirnnerven sowie deren Bedeutung für Motorik und Sensorik, Läsionen (Hirnstammsyndrome) 4. Anatomie und Funktion von Basalganglien, Thalamus und Hypothalamus, Steuerung des vegetativen Nervensystems (Homöostase, Nahrungs-und Wasseraufnahme), Basalgangliendefekte am Beispiel des Morbus Parkinson 5. Anatomie und Funktion des Cerebellums und vestibulären Systems, Feinsteuerung der Motorik, assoziatives Lernen, Kleinhirnsymptome (Ataxien), Gleichgewichtsorgan 6. Anatomie und Funktion des Großhirns, sensorische und motorische Verarbeitung, Kognition, Lernen und Gedächtnis, neurodegenerative (Alzheimer) und neuropsychiatrische (Schizophrenie) Störungen.
551-0033-00L	Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology Only for Health Sciences and Technology BSc and Human Medicine BSc.	O	5 credits	5G	J. Corn, E. Hafen, K. Köhler
Abstract	This course teaches the basic principles of evolution, cell biology, molecular biology, genetics and developmental biology using the example of humans.
Learning objective	1) Students can explain the importance of evolution for the development of humans and diseases. 2) The students know the cell as the smallest unit of the body. They can explain how the functions of the cell are disturbed in certain diseases and where therapies intervene. They can describe the multiplication of cells in the body and show how errors in this multiplication can lead to diseases. 3) The students know DNA as the basis of life. They can explain how the DNA information is stored and how this information can be reproduced and protected from damage. They can describe how the information is read and translated into proteins. They can explain which mechanisms at the level of DNA, RNA and proteins can cause diseases. 4) Students can explain which technologies can be used to diagnose and treat diseases. 5) Students can explain how people differ genetically and know the molecular basis of these differences. They can explain how these differences can lead to diseases and why some of these differences do not affect diseases. 6) The students know the molecular causes of the most common hereditary diseases and can determine the probability of occurrence and transmission to offspring. 7) Students can explain the biochemical and molecular basis of human reproduction and know the basic principles of human embryonic development. The students can explain which mechanisms can be disturbed by a faulty development. 8) Students know the historical development of biology and its effects on medicine and society.
529-5000-00L	Chemistry (for Medical Students) Only for Human Medicine BSc	O	4 credits	3V + 1U	K.‑H. Altmann, S. Wolfrum
Abstract	The lecture teaches the most important fundamental concepts in chemistry (atomic structure, chemical bonds, thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions, acid-base equilibria, types and reactivity of organic compounds, stereochemistry, biomolecules). Connections of chemical processes with medically important biochemical, physiological, and pharmacological questions are highlighted.
Learning objective	Understanding of the basic concepts of chemistry. Understanding the importance of chemical processes in human physiology and in the diagnosis and treatment of human disease.
Content	The lecture elaborates the fundamental concepts of chemistry. The organization of the lecture is guided by the two textbooks "Chemie für Mediziner" by Zeeck et al. and Schmuck et al., respectively, referred to below. Accordingly, the following major subject areas will be covered: Atomic structure, periodic table of the elements, types of chemical bonds, states of matter, heterogeneous equilibria, thermodynamics and kinetics of chemical reactions, salt solutions, acids and bases, oxidation and reduction, metal complexes, fundamentals of organic chemistry, important classes of organic compounds and their reactivities, stereochemistry, amino acids and peptides, carbohydrates, lipids, heterocycles, spectroscopy in chemistry and medicine.
Lecture notes	Scripts for individual subject areas will be provided electronically prior to the corresponding lectures.
Literature	There are no English translations of these textbooks.
Prerequisites / Notice	There are no specific requirements.

First Year Examination Block 2
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
401-0281-00L	Mathematics I Only for Human Medicine BSc.	O	4 credits	3V + 1U	L. Kobel-Keller
Abstract	Introduction of mathematics as the universal language for scientific facts: The lecture aims on one hand at learning and exercising the mathematical trade and in the other hand at applying the learnt concept to medical, biological, chemical and mechanical problems.
Learning objective	Simple and complex facts can be described and analysed using mathematical tools. Introduction to calculus in one dimension. Used concepts: the notion of a function, of the derivative and the integral, the idea of a differential equation, complex numbers, Taylor polynomials and Taylor series. Applications e.g. to prognoses, modeling action and dosage of drugs or tumor growth.
Content	Functions of one variable: the notion of a function, of the derivative, the idea of a differential equation, complex numbers, Taylor polynomials and Taylor series. The integral of a function of one variable.
Literature	G. B. Thomas, M. D. Weir, J. Hass: Analysis 1, Lehr- und Übungsbuch, Pearson-Verlag further reading suggestions will be indicated during the lecture

Additional First Year Courses
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
377-0101-00L	Fundamentals of Medicine and the Human Body Only for Human Medicine BSc	O	2 credits	3V	J. Goldhahn, G. Csúcs, R.‑A. Kubik, C. Wolfrum
Abstract	Fundamental principles of human medicine, Basic Life Support (BLS) and introduction to histology and microscopy.
Learning objective	Nach Beendigung der Lehrveranstaltung - Haben die Studierenden ein Grundverständnis elementarer Bausteine und Prozesse als Basis für die Humanmedizin, z.B. Zellaufbau und -zyklus. - Kennen die Studierenden grundlegende Terminologie der Anatomie. - Verstehen die Studierenden den Ablauf medizinischer Versorgung von Erstversorgung bis zur Rehabilitation. - Verstehen die Studierenden die Vor- und Nachteile von Diagnostik bei Notfällen, insbesondere Ultraschall. - Kennen die Studierenden die Grundlagen von Mikroskopie und Histologie. - Haben die Studierenden die Grundlagen von Basic Life Support erlernt: - Sie erkennen die Symptome eines Herz-Kreislaufstillstandes. - Sie alarmieren situationsgerecht. - Sofern vorhanden, organisieren sie einen AED und setzen diesen schnellst möglich und korrekt ein. - Sie führen am Phantom suffiziente Thoraxkompressionen aus. - Sie führen am Phantom eine effektive Beatmung unter Mithilfe einer Taschenmaske aus. - Sie benennen mögliche Komplikationen der Beatmung. Unter gegebenen Umständen verzichten sie auf weitere Beatmungsversuche. - Sie benennen Grenzen der Herz-Lungen-Wiederbelebung. - Sie riskieren auch unter Stress, keinesfalls ihr eigenes oder das Leben anderer "Helfer".
Content	An Hand eines komplexen klinischen Falls werden die Studierenden mit dem Ablauf medizinischer Versorgung von der Erstversorgung bis zur Rehabilitation vertraut gemacht. Dabei werden grundlegende Begriffe, Bausteine und Prozesse eingeführt. Ausserdem erleben die Studierenden die Grundlagen bildgebender Verfahren, insbesondere Ultraschall. Die Studierenden absolvieren den Kurs Basic Life Support. Alle Teilnehmenden sollen nach dieser Ausbildungssequenz Wiederbelebungsmassnahmen im privaten wie auch im innerklinischen Bereich einleiten können. Die Studierenden erfahren das Lernen, Lehren und Arbeiten im Spitalbereich als sozialen Prozess und Teamwork, bei dem alle Sinne und unterschiedlichste Kompetenzen zum Tragen kommen. Zusätzlich erfahren die Studierenden in drei Workshops den grundlegenden Prozess einer physiotherapeutischen Intervention mit den Begriffen des Clinicial Reasoning, therapeutische Aspekte und Therapieprogression. Ein Intensivkurs Mikroskopie/Histologie befähigt die Studierenden zum selbständigen Mikroskopieren und zum Verständnis histologischer Schnitte am Präparat aber auch online.
377-0111-00L	Physician-Patient Relationship Only for Human Medicine BSc	O	2 credits	2V	S. Neuner-Jehle, S. Markun
Abstract	Establishment of a physician-patient relationship and basic training of fundamental communication skills.
Learning objective	Die Studierenden können eine Beziehung mit dem Patienten aufbauen und darauf basierend die wesentlichen Anliegen und Informationen strukturiert vom Patienten erheben. Die Studierenden kennen: Die theoretischen Grundlagen der Kommunikation Die Strukturellen Komponenten der Anamnese Bestimmte Kommunikationstechniken Die Studierenden können: Eine Anamnese vorstrukturieren (strukturelle Komponenten auswendig) Eine einfache (aber vollständige) Anamnese durchführen
Content	Aufbau einer Arzt/Patienten-Beziehung und Grundlagen der Gesprächsführung (Kontaktnahme, Anamneseerhebung, Informationsfluss) Gemischte Unterrichtsmethoden mit jeweils theoretischem exemplifizierendem Teil gefolgt von Übung in Kleingruppen. Die zentralsten Komponenten der Kommunikation und Anamnesetechnik werden möglichst auf ihre kleinsten Bestandteile reduziert und jede(r) Studierende führt jede Komponente mindestens einmal durch. Am Ende des Moduls werden die Komponenten zu einer vollständigen Anamnese integriert geübt.

Courses in Organ Systems and Clinical Practice
Examination Block A
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
377-0301-11L	Blood, Immune System Die Lehrveranstaltung findet in Deutsch und Englisch statt.	O	4 credits	5V	F. Sallusto, L. Flatz, G. Guarda, M. G. Manz, A. Theocharides, O. Ullrich, further lecturers
Abstract	This course will focus on the components and functions of the hematopoietic and the immune systems and on diseases affecting or caused by these systems.
Learning objective	1. The organization and development of hematopoiesis including hematopoietic stem cell development; the role of hematopoietic growth and transcription factors in hematopoiesis; the role of hemoglobin in health and disease; erythrocyte physiology and iron metabolism; the principles of blood groups and blood transfusions; the principles of coagulation and the pharmacology of coagulation; the role of platelets and pharmacological platelet inhibition; to define thrombophilia and to understand thrombotic events; the role of leukocytes in health and disease; the analysis of blood samples; the principles of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 2. The development of the immune system; the structure and function of primary and secondary lymphoid organs; the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the innate and adaptive immune systems; the effector mechanisms of immune responses against pathogens; basic concepts of immune-mediated diseases (allergy and autoimmunity), tumor immunology, immunodeficiency, organ transplantation; basic knowledge of therapies.
Content	1. Introduction to hematopoiesis, hematopoietic growth factors, hematopoietic transcription factors, erythrocyte physiology, blood groups, blood transfusion, iron metabolism, platelets, coagulation cascade, fibrinolysis, hemoglobin, hemoglobinopathies, leukocytes (granulocytes, monocytes), clinical presentation of neutropenia, pharmacology of hemostasis, clinical presentation of thrombophilia, basics of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, some aspects of laboratory medicine in hematology, virtual microscopy of blood and bone marrow smears. 2. Structure and anatomical position of primary and secondary lymphoid organs, cells and molecules of the innate immune system, T and B cell development and receptor diversity, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and antigen presentation, effector B cells and antibodies, effector T cells, regulatory T cells and cytokines, allergy and hypersensitivities, autoimmunity and anti-inflammatory drugs, transplantation and immunosuppressive drugs, immunodeficiency, immune response in cancer and immunotherapies.
Lecture notes	The course is supported by a Moodle page through which students have access to all necessary documentation.
Literature	The essential course material will be available on the course's Moodle Page in the form of lesson handouts Suggested reference books include: Blood: Hoffbrand's Essential Haematology Immune system: Herbert Hof, Rüdiger Dörries; unter Mitarbeit von: Gernot Geginat, Dirk Schlüter und Constanze Wendt Medizinische Mikrobiologie Thieme 2017 http://www.library.ethz.ch/DADS:default_scope:ebi01_prod010873047 Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. Basic Immunology: Functions and Disorders of the Immune System, 5th ed. W. B. Saunders Co., 2016; https://institut.elsevierelibrary.de/product/basic-immunology85281
Prerequisites / Notice	The Immune system part of this course builds on the content of the "Infection and Immunology" course.
377-0301-02L	Nutrition and Digestion Only for Human Medicine BSc	O	5 credits	5V	W. Langhans, L. Käser, C. Stockmann
Abstract	This module imparts basic knowledge about the morphology and function of the digestive system and the importance of nutrition for health. One focus is on the understanding of the relationships among food intake, digestion, nutrient absorption and metabolism including the disturbances of these processes and the related diseases.
Learning objective	The aim of this module is that the students know and understand the morphology and function of the digestive system including its associated glands as well as the importance of nutrition for health. In particular, the students shall understand the relationships between food intake and digestion as well absorption and metabolism of particular nutrients. This knowledge shall enable the students to deduct the pathophysiology and pathology of the most important diseases of the digestive system and shall give them an idea of the pertinent diagnostics and therapy.
377-0301-03L	Endocrinology, Metabolism Only for Human Medicine BSc	O	5 credits	5V	M. Stoffel, F. Beuschlein, A. Hall, C. Wolfrum
Abstract	Discussion of normal structure and function of the endocrine systems, their interaction with the autonomic nervous system and their role in metabolism. In addition, pathophysiological and clinical aspects, diagnostics and therapeutic concepts of the most important endocrine diseases and related metabolic disorders as well as respective preventive measures are adressed.
Learning objective	Die Studierenden sollen nach erfolgreichem Abschluss dieses Moduls zu Folgendem befähigt sein: 1. Systematik des endokrinen Systems erklären. 2. Aufbau und Funktion des Hypothalamus, Hypophyse, Nebenniere, endokrinen Pankreas, Schilddrüse, Eierstöcke, Hoden 3. Prinzipien und Regulation des Knochen, Kalzium und Phosphat-Stoffwechsels, Energiehaushaltes, Glukosestoffwechsel, Lipidstoffwechsel, Blutdruck. 4. Kenntnisse von hormonell regulierten Stoffwechselprozessen (Kohlenhydrate, Eiweiss und Fett). 5. Die wichtigsten endokrinen Krankheitsbilder und Tumoren, deren Entstehung, Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie, kennen. 6. Die wichtigsten Massnahmen zur Prävention von Stoffwechselerkrankungen und die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen kennen.
Content	Die Studierenden lernen in diesem Modul Anatomie, Physiologie, und Pathophysiologie der endokrinen Drüsen, sowie die Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Prävention der wichtigsten Krankheitsbilder des Hormonsystems kennen. Dies beinhaltet: • Systematik des endokrinen Systems: Aufbau und anatomische Lage der verschiedenen Hormondrüsen. • Neuronale Innervation und vaskuläres Versorgungsgebiet der Hormondrüsen. • Hormonklassen: Protein- und Polypeptidhormone , Amino- und Aminosäurederivate Steroidhormone, Biosynthese von Protein- und Polypeptidhormonen, Biosynthese von Amino- und Aminosäuren-derivathormonen, Biosynthese von Steroidhormonen, Speicherung von Hormonen, Sekretion von Hormonen, Transport von Hormonen, Halbwertszeiten, Abbau und Ausscheidung von Hormonen. Übertragung von Informationen durch Hormone: Hormonwirkung an Rezeptoren, Struktur und Funktionsweise von membranassoziierten Hormonrezeptoren, Struktur und Funktion von Zellkernrezeptoren, Regulation der Hormonsekretion. • Aufbau und Funktion des Hypothalamus, Aufbau und Funktion der Hypophyse. • Aufbau und Funktion der Schilddrüse, Unter- und Überfunktion der Schilddrüse, Prinzipien der Diagnostik und Therapie von Schilddrüsenerkrankungen. Symptome, Anamnese und klinische Untersuchung bei Schilddrüsenerkrankungen, • Knochen, Kalzium und Phosphatstoffwechsel. • Regulation des Glukose-, Lipid- und Protein-Stoffwechsels, Essstörungen, Etiologie, Diagnostik, Therapie und Prävention der Adpositas. • Aufbau und Funktion des endokrinen Pankreas, Pathogenese verschiedener Typen des Diabetes mellitus. Prinzipien der Diagnostik und Therapie und Prävention des Typ1 und Typ 2 Diabetes, Risikofaktoren und Komplikationen. Symptome, Anamnese und klinische Untersuchung bei Diabetes mellitus, • Aufbau und Funktion der Nebenniere, Pathogenese, Prinzipien der Diagnostik und Therapie von Erkrankungen mit Über- und Unterfunktion der Nebenniere. Symptome, Anamnese und klinische Untersuchung bei Über- und Unterfunktion der Nebenniere. • Aufbau und Funktion der Ovarien und Testes, Prinzipien der Reproduktionsphysiologie.
Lecture notes	There is no traditional script for this course. Instead the course is supported by a Moodle page through which students have access to all necessary texts, exercises, videos and activities.
Literature	The essential course material will be available on the course's Moodle Page in the form of scripts and lesson handouts. The course does not have an "official" textbook, but students may find a general reference book on the topic interesting. For this purpose the text "Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel” von Stefan Fischli und Giatgen A. Spinas (Herausgeber), Thieme Verlag, may be helpful.
Prerequisites / Notice	The course builds on the content of the "Chemie für Mediziner", "Biochemie", “Pathobiochemie”, "Pharmakologie für Mediziner" and "Molekulare Genetik und Zellbiologie" course and “Nutrition and Digestion”.

Examination Block B (Programme Regulations 2018)
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
402-0083-00L	Physics I	O	4 credits	3V + 1U	G. Dissertori
Abstract	This course is an introduction to classical physics, with special focus on applications in medicine.
Learning objective	Obtain an understanding of basic concepts in classical physics and their application (using mathematical pre-knowledge) to the solution of simple problems, including certain applications in medicine. Obtain an understanding of relevant quantities and of orders of magnitude.
Content	General introduction; Positron-Emission-Tomography as appetizer, including ionising radiation; kinematics of a point mass; dynamics of a point mass (Newton's axioms and forces); physical work, power and energy; conservation of linear and angular momentum; oscillations and waves; mechanics of a rigid body; fluid mechanics; introduction to electricity.
Lecture notes	Will be distributed at the start of the semester.
Literature	"Physik für Mediziner, Biologen, Pharmazeuten", von Alfred Trautwein, Uwe Kreibig, Jürgen Hüttermann; De Gruyter Verlag.
Prerequisites / Notice	Voraussetzung Mathematik I+II (Studiengänge Gesundheitswissenschaften und Technologie bzw. Humanmedizin) / Mathematik-Lehrveranstaltungen des Basisjahres (Studiengänge Chemie, Chemieingenieurwissenschaften bzw. Interdisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften)

Additional Courses 2nd Year
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
377-0311-00L	Clinical Anatomy Lab Only for Human Medicine BSc	O	5 credits	7P	J. Loffing, O. Ullrich, I. Amrein, G. Colacicco, N. Lier, further lecturers
Abstract	Topographical Anatomy and Radioanatomy of the head, skull, central nervous system, neck and neck organs, upper and lower extremities, thoracic wall and organs, abdominal wall and organs, pelvis and pelvic organs, dorsal muscles, vessels, nerves, functions, clinical aspects. Methods: Anatomical dissection of human bodies.
Learning objective	Learning and understnding of the detailed composition and function of the healty human body and ist components. Learning of selected examples of relevant radiographic anatomy and their implication in clinical medical work.
Content	Topographic – and radiographic anatomy of selected anatomical regions. Students dissect these regions and discuss important clinical content with aid of assistents.

Additional Courses 3rd Year
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
377-0503-00L	Life Cycles and System Diseases Only for Human Medicine BSc	O	6 credits	6V	O. Distler, B. Latal Hajnal, M. Ristow, C. Berger, S. Blumhardt, J. Goldhahn, R. W. Kressig, M. Martin, A. Möller, E. R. Valsangiacomo Büchel, M. Wolff
Abstract	This module focuses on special aspects of health and illness in the early and late life phases as well as diseases of whole organ systems. It includes special features of the pediatric, geriatric and rheumatological anamnesis.
Learning objective	Early Life Cycle: • Knowledge of the pediatric aspects of the medical history. • Knowledge about the enormous variety of child development (inter- and intra-individual variability). • Milestone concept: Assessment of the stage of development of a child in the first years of life. • Landmark concept: first knowledge of the demilitation on normality versus disorder. • Getting to know frequent developmental pediatric disorders. • Knowledge of the most common congenital heart defects. • Getting to know and recognize respiratory diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Late Life Cycle: Upon successful completion of the module, students should be able to • correctly describe the biological bases of the aging process. • derive physical and pharmacological choices to modulate the aging process. • understand the social and psychological implication of aging. • describe the specificities of geriatric medicine in the stationary setting. • identify the age-specific differences in both diagnostics and therapeutics
Content	Early Life Cycle It describes the peculiarities of the pediatric anamnesis as well as selected topics of the healthy and sick child. The focus is on the newborn, development in the first years of life and adolescence. Infections, congenital heart and the most common respiratory diseases are described throughout the different age stages. Late Life Cycle Fundamentals and relevance of the aging process, as well as its biochemical, physiological and evolutionary basis. Insights into its individual as well as economic impact, including interventional and pharmacological treatment options. Rheumatology Overview Rheumatology, Rheumatoid Arthritis, M. Still, Spondyloarthritis, SAPHO Syndrome, Infectious and Crystal Arthritis, Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, CRPS, Soft Tissue Diseases, Myopathies, Bone Diseases, Vasculitis, Collagenosis, Drug Therapy in Rheumatology, Ergonomics, Occupational Reintegration.
377-0511-00L	Emergency Medicine Only for Human Medicine BSc	O	2 credits	2P	M. Lepori, E. Zamprogno
Abstract	By focusing on the 20 most frequent emergencies, the students will learn how to make quick decisions including diagnostic strategy and therapeutic measures. In practical exercises the students practice interprofessional aspects and discuss legal and ethical questions of emergency medicine.
Learning objective	Perform a triage based on the assessment of the vital signs. Collect a targeted anamnesis (max. 5-6 questions) of a patienta and/or family member Determine the status of a patient with the necessary clinical examinations. Determine a differential diagnosis based on the targeted anamnesis and the status. Interpret the vital signs of a patient Interpret the results of the paraclinical examinations and confirm/reject the differential diagnosis. Based on the differential diagnosis, determine the necessary paraclinical examinations Determine the next steps (treatment in hospital / by family doctor / immediate measures) Identify possible therapeutic measures
Content	Mornings – case discussions & lectures entire group: • Hypo / Hyperglycemia • Principles of poisoning • Acute Dyspnoea • Cough • Acute Diarrohea • Gastrointestina bleeding • Acute Kidney injury • Hypertensive Crisis • Acute Headache • Coma • Chest Pain • Syncope • Acute Abdominal pain • Acute blood loss • Common Trauma • Head Trauma • Fever in child • Crying child • Seizures and convulsions • Dyspnoea in child Afternoon – 4 smaller groups rotating: • Emergency room (Hospital Lugano) • Emergency call-center / Ambulance (Croce Verde - Lugano) • Simulation center (Lugano) • Case discussion (Bellinzona)
377-0509-00L	Pathology Only for Human Medicine BSc	O	6 credits	6G	K. Glatz-Krieger, V. Kölzer, T. Cerny, M. Matter, K. Mertz, H. Moch, further lecturers
Abstract	Pathology is the study of morbid processes of life. The module pathology mediates the pathogenetic processes and pathomorphological changes that occur in the context of diseases of various causes of damage in different tissues and cells of the body. The module presents basics as well as current and future possibilities of pathoanatomical diagnostics.
Learning objective	• The students know the main causes of damage and pathogenetic principles on the level of cells, tissues and the organism. • The students are familiar with the essential morphological and molecular pathological techniques, the correct indication and requirements for the clinical removal of cell and tissue samples for diagnosis. • The students are familiar with the most important diseases of the organ systems and their clinic-pathological correlations. • The students are able to correctly interpret pathological findings in everyday clinical practice and to participate in the discussions in the team with the correct terminology. • The Students understand the importance of pathology for classification and prognostic stratification of diseases. • Die Studierenden können aufgrund ihrer Kenntnisse der Pathologie zu einem Therapieplan beitragen. • Based on their knowledge of pathology, the students are able to contribute to a therapeutic plan.
Content	In the module" General Pathology "general causes and mechanisms of disease development and the associated pathomorphological changes in cells and tissues are discussed. The general pathology section covers the topics of health and disease, inflammation, cell damage and circulatory pathology as well as general tumor theory. The general tumor doctrine is supplemented by a clinical part, in which basic knowledge for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tumor diseases is mediated. Current and future possibilities of pathoanatomical diagnostics are presented and then specified in the module “Special Pathology”. The module "General Pathology" provides the basics for the understanding of the diseases, which are treated in the module "Special Pathology". The special pathology section discusses the most important diseases of the organs and organ systems. On the basis of macroscopic and microscopic preparations we clarify the relation to pathophysiology, symptomatology and medical diagnostics. Clinical references are produced through cooperation with the University Hospital Zurich. An integrated refresher course offers the opportunity to network the material of the lecture with already known contents and to clarify practical references. A special lecture on the topics of molecular pathology, digital pathology and bioinformatics establishes references to future technologies, which are of particular importance for stratified medicine.
377-0513-00L	Ethics and Legal Aspects and Communication Only for Human Medicine BSc	O	2 credits	2G	S. Goldhahn, T. Krones, B. Tag
Abstract	The students develop the basics of medical law, clinical ethics and communication needed for central applications in the clinic. They learn which relevant legal framework conditions are to be observed in everyday clinical practice and how, in communication with patients, the principles of self-determination, patient well-being and damage avoidance are practically implemented.
Learning objective	After passing the modul sucessfully, students should be able to • Know about ethical and legal basics iof diagnostics and therapy and how these principles are put into practice • Knowledge and use of central communication skills with patients, health care teams and the public • Understand and describe the connections of ethics, law and communication and reflect on the implementation in clinical practice • Apply the concept of evidence based decision aids • Apply specific communication skills in simple clinical cases (informed consent, shared decision making, breaking bad news, communicaion of medical mistakes, Advance care Planning). • Understand the concept and needs of vulnerable patients and address the concept ethically, legally and communicate adequately • Know about the necessity of interprofessional collaboration in the process of dealing with ethically and juridically complex cases and practice first steps.
Content	• Overview of clinical ethical cases • Basics in medical ethics and professional communication • Knowledge and application of concepts as informed consent, possible alternative juridical instruments • Knowledge and application of Shared decision Making • Knowledge and application of advance care planning, concept of advance directices, treatment of patients incapable of decision making • Breaking bad news, difficult prognoses • Concept of vulnerability , special needs • Differences of research/clinic, concept of evidence-based and presonalized medicine • Conflicts of interests in therapy and research • Basics on interprofessional cooperation in ethically and legally challenging situations • Goal of care approach ; delaing with end of life deicisons , • Differential diagnoses and misdiagnosis, systems of avoidance of medical mistakes
Prerequisites / Notice	377-0405-00L Fundamentals of Research and Ethics is required.
377-0515-00L	Patient Journeys Only for Human Medicine BSc	O	3 credits	3G	J. Goldhahn, E. Kut Bacs, G. Mang, T. Moser, C. Schlegel, P. Schütz
Abstract	The modul deals with the importance of patient care by combining patient and interprofessional perspectives as well as the cooperation with other healthcare professions, at any moment (out- and inpatient treatment) as the patient progress along a care pathway.
Learning objective	• The students are able to analyze an interprofessional patient-path and modify it according to the personal patient situation. • Students deal with other health professionals and together plan an appropriate patient-path. • The students are able to take different perspectives (patient, family etc.) and consider them while planning a patient-path. • Students actively participate in interprofessional sessions, are open to other viewpoints, and consider these for the care and safety of the patients.
Content	Based on various patient situations, students learn how an interprofessional patient-path looks like. During the self-study time, the students bring “their own patient” from their private environment and accompany her/him during the patient-path . Within this framework the individual path including all health professionals involved, will be analyzed. In a written assignement ,the most important aspects will be documented and reflected . An exemplary patient case follows each session of the modules, to align the theoretical inputs with the corresponding patient case. During the first session, the students analyze various internet platforms such as NetDoktor and learn how to deal with a informed patient. In addition, together with pharmacy students, the students get to know the different roles of the pharmacy. In further sessions, the students learn which responsibilities, tasks and competences, various health professionals have, during the care of the patients on their path. In addition, the students have the opportunity to visit a rural hospital in another canton and become acquainted with the importance of the free choice of doctors and treatments in other Cantons.
377-0501-00L	Reproduction Only for Human Medicine BSc	O	5 credits	5V	P. Imesch, T. Burkhardt, D. Eichenberger zur Bonsen, G. Hasenberg, B. Leeners, C. Maake, N. Ochsenbein-Kölble
Abstract	In this module we lay the anatomical and physiological foundations for the subject of "reproduction". The associated clinical challenges are conveyed from different points of view and with different actors. The content is chronologically prepared and goes from the normal cycle of the woman and her disorders to the pregnancy and related issues to the obstetrics.
Learning objective	• Anatomy o Knowledge of the function of the female and male sexual organs o Explaining the development of the maternal and fetal parts of the placenta o Explaining the anatomy of the pelvis and the pelvic floor • Gynecology o Recognizing gynecological emergencies o Listing of the various types of bleeding an irregularities o Overview of the benign tumors of the uterus and ovaries as well as the malignant tumors of the cervix and the endometrium • Reproductive Endocrinology o Outlining of the main regulatory hormones of the female cycle and explaining their effects o Listing of the most important sterility factors o Discussing the main contraceptive methods with their mechanisms of action and contraceptive safety • Pathological situations in obsterics o Listing of clinical factors that indicate premature birth o Giving a diferential diagnoses of bleeding in late pregnancy • Physiological situations in obsterics o Knowledge of the physiological processes and adaptation processes during pregnancy o Determination of birth process o Being aware of the meaning of the puerperium
Content	This module gives the anatomical and physiological foundations for the subject of "reproduction". The associated clinical challenges are conveyed from different points of view and with different actors. The content is chronologically prepared and shows the normal female cycle and her disorders as well as the pregnancy and related issues to the obstetrics. Students will have the opportunity to work with prospective midwives to learn basic skills of normal birth through a simulation.

Courses in Medical Sciences
Core Courses 2nd Year (Programme Regulations 2018)
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
401-0683-00L	Statistics II	O	3 credits	2V + 1U	D. Stekhoven
Abstract	Extension of statistics for medical students. This lecture is based on the content of Statistics I. The focus will be on the understanding and the concrete application of statistical methods, as they are used in medical research. Exercises will be solved using the statistical programming environment R.
Learning objective	After this course you will understand the concept of a broad selection of statistical methods (see also Content). Furthermore, you will know when to use which method. Especially, you will be able to read, understand, and scrutinise the results from such methods, whether these results are written or graphical. Using the statistical programming environment R, you will be able to read in data, analyse them in various ways, visualise and publish the results in reports or presentations. Knowing R will also enable you to reproduce published analyses, to check whether they work or to use them for your own medical research questions.
Content	The course will cover the following topics. For the part on regression: simple linear regression; multiple regression (including factors and interactions); model selection; logistic regression (including odds ratio and their interpretation); mixed effects models; Bayes inference. For the part on data: categorical data (including univariate tests); power analysis (including a guide on writing an ethics proposal); dealing with missing values. For the part on further methods: supervised vs unsupervised learning; dimensional reduction (including PCA and tSNE); survival analysis (including Kaplan-Meier curves and logrank test).
Lecture notes	There is no script.
Literature	An Introduction to Statistical Learning with Applications in R Gareth James, Daniela Witten, Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani Springer, 2013; online available from the ETH Library
Prerequisites / Notice	Required: Statistics I

Core Courses 3rd Year
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
252-0866-00L	Digital Medicine I: Introduction to Programming Only for Human Medicine BSc	O	2 credits	2G	H.‑J. Böckenhauer, D. Komm
Abstract	This lecture gives an introduction to programming in Python and an overview of basic problem solving strategies and design principles for efficient algorithms and data structures.
Learning objective	To learn basic principles of programming in Python and to apply them for implementing algorithmic approaches for solving simple computational problems.
Content	This lecture has two goals. On the one hand, an introduction to programming is given, using Python as a sample language. This introduction includes the basic programming principles such as truth values, variables, data types, conditional statements, loops, and functions. On the other hand, basic data structures (like stacks, queues, or search trees) and important concepts of algorithm design are presented and implemented in Python to efficiently solve basic algorithmic tasks on these data structures. The main focus lies on general-purpose design techniques for efficient algorithms, such as the greedy method, dynamic programming, or the divide and conquer strategy. These techniques are demonstrated with many examples from practice.
Lecture notes	All learning materials will be provided during the course.

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