Search result: Catalogue data in Spring Semester 2021

Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
Physics Master
Core Courses One Core Course in Experimental or Theoretical Physics from Physics Bachelor is eligible; however, this Core Course from Physics Bachelor cannot be used to compensate for the mandatory Core Course in Experimental or Theoretical Physics. For the category assignment keep the choice "no category" and take contact with the Study Administration (www.phys.ethz.ch/studies/study-administration.html) after having received the credits.
Core Courses: Theoretical Physics
402-0871-00L	Solid State Theory UZH students are not allowed to register this course unit at ETH. They must book the module PHY411 directly at UZH.	W	10 credits	4V + 1U	V. Geshkenbein
Abstract	The course is addressed to students in experimental and theoretical condensed matter physics and provides a theoretical introduction to a variety of important concepts used in this field.
Learning objective	The course provides a theoretical frame for the understanding of basic pinciples in solid state physics. Such a frame includes the topics of symmetries, band structures, many body interactions, Landau Fermi-liquid theory, and specific topics such as transport, Quantum Hall effect and magnetism. The exercises illustrate the various themes in the lecture and help to develop problem-solving skills. The student understands basic concepts in solid state physics and is able to solve simple problems. No diagrammatic tools will be used.
Content	The course is addressed to students in experimental and theoretical condensed matter physics and provides a theoretical introduction to a variety of important concepts used in this field. The following subjects will be covered: Symmetries and their handling via group theoretical concepts, electronic structure in crystals, insulators-semiconductors-metals, phonons, interaction effects, (un-)screened Fermi-liquids, linear response theory, collective modes, screening, transport in semiconductors and metals, magnetism, Mott-insulators, quantum-Hall effect.
Lecture notes	in English
402-0844-00L	Quantum Field Theory II UZH students are not allowed to register this course unit at ETH. They must book the corresponding module directly at UZH.	W	10 credits	3V + 2U	N. Beisert
Abstract	The subject of the course is modern applications of quantum field theory with emphasis on the quantization of non-abelian gauge theories.
Learning objective	The goal of this course is to lay down the path integral formulation of quantum field theories and in particular to provide a solid basis for the study of non-abelian gauge theories and of the Standard Model
Content	The following topics will be covered: - path integral quantization - non-abelian gauge theories and their quantization - systematics of renormalization, including BRST symmetries, Slavnov-Taylor Identities and the Callan-Symanzik equation - the Goldstone theorem and the Higgs mechanism - gauge theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking and their quantization - renormalization of spontaneously broken gauge theories and quantum effective actions
Literature	M.E. Peskin and D.V. Schroeder, "An introduction to Quantum Field Theory", Perseus (1995). S. Pokorski, "Gauge Field Theories" (2nd Edition), Cambridge Univ. Press (2000) P. Ramond, "Field Theory: A Modern Primer" (2nd Edition), Westview Press (1990) S. Weinberg, "The Quantum Theory of Fields" (Volume 2), CUP (1996).
402-0394-00L	Theoretical Cosmology Special Students UZH must book the module AST513 directly at UZH.	W	10 credits	4V + 2U	L. M. Mayer, J. Yoo
Abstract	This is the second of a two course series which starts with "General Relativity" and continues in the spring with "Theoretical Astrophysics and Cosmology", where the focus will be on applying general relativity to cosmology as well as developing the modern theory of structure formation in a cold dark matter Universe.
Learning objective	Learning the fundamentals of modern physical cosmology. This entails understanding the physical principles behind the description of the homogeneous Universe on large scales in the first part of the course, and moving on to the inhomogeneous Universe model where perturbation theory is used to study the development of structure through gravitational instability in the second part of the course. Modern notions of dark matter and dark energy will also be introduced and discussed.
Content	The course will cover the following topics: - Homogeneous cosmology - Thermal history of the universe, recombination, baryogenesis and nucleosynthesis - Dark matter and Dark Energy - Inflation - Perturbation theory: Relativistic and Newtonian - Model of structure formation and initial conditions from Inflation - Cosmic microwave background anisotropies - Spherical collapse and galaxy formation - Large scale structure and cosmological probes
Lecture notes	In 2021, the lectures will be live-streamed online at ETH from the Room HPV G5 at the lecture hours. The recordings will be available at the ETH website. The detailed information will be provided by the course website and the SLACK channel.
Literature	Suggested textbooks: H.Mo, F. Van den Bosch, S. White: Galaxy Formation and Evolution S. Carroll: Space-Time and Geometry: An Introduction to General Relativity S. Dodelson: Modern Cosmology Secondary textbooks: S. Weinberg: Gravitation and Cosmology V. Mukhanov: Physical Foundations of Cosmology E. W. Kolb and M. S. Turner: The Early Universe N. Straumann: General relativity with applications to astrophysics A. Liddle and D. Lyth: Cosmological Inflation and Large Scale Structure
Prerequisites / Notice	Knowledge of General Relativity is recommended.

Core Courses: Experimental Physics
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
402-0448-01L	Quantum Information Processing I: Concepts This theory part QIP I together with the experimental part 402-0448-02L QIP II (both offered in the Spring Semester) combine to the core course in experimental physics "Quantum Information Processing" (totally 10 ECTS credits). This applies to the Master's degree programme in Physics.	W	5 credits	2V + 1U	P. Kammerlander
Abstract	The course will cover the key concepts and ideas of quantum information processing, including descriptions of quantum algorithms which give the quantum computer the power to compute problems outside the reach of any classical supercomputer. Key concepts such as quantum error correction will be described. These ideas provide fundamental insights into the nature of quantum states and measurement.
Learning objective	By the end of the course students are able to explain the basic mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics and apply them to quantum information processing problems. They are able to adapt and apply these concepts and methods to analyse and discuss quantum algorithms and other quantum information-processing protocols.
Content	The topics covered in the course will include quantum circuits, gate decomposition and universal sets of gates, efficiency of quantum circuits, quantum algorithms (Shor, Grover, Deutsch-Josza,..), error correction, fault-tolerant design, entanglement, teleportation and dense conding, teleportation of gates, and cryptography.
Lecture notes	More details to follow.
Literature	Quantum Computation and Quantum Information Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang Cambridge University Press
Prerequisites / Notice	A good understanding of linear algebra is recommended.
402-0448-02L	Quantum Information Processing II: Implementations This experimental part QIP II together with the theory part 402-0448-01L QIP I (both offered in the Spring Semester) combine to the core course in experimental physics "Quantum Information Processing" (totally 10 ECTS credits). This applies to the Master's degree programme in Physics.	W	5 credits	2V + 1U	J. Home
Abstract	Introduction to experimental systems for quantum information processing (QIP). Quantum bits. Coherent Control. Measurement. Decoherence. Microscopic and macroscopic quantum systems. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Photons. Ions and neutral atoms in electromagnetic traps. Charges and spins in quantum dots and NV centers. Charges and flux quanta in superconducting circuits. Novel hybrid systems.
Learning objective	Throughout the past 20 years the realm of quantum physics has entered the domain of information technology in more and more prominent ways. Enormous progress in the physical sciences and in engineering and technology has allowed us to build novel types of information processors based on the concepts of quantum physics. In these processors information is stored in the quantum state of physical systems forming quantum bits (qubits). The interaction between qubits is controlled and the resulting states are read out on the level of single quanta in order to process information. Realizing such challenging tasks is believed to allow constructing an information processor much more powerful than a classical computer. This task is taken on by academic labs, startups and major industry. The aim of this class is to give a thorough introduction to physical implementations pursued in current research for realizing quantum information processors. The field of quantum information science is one of the fastest growing and most active domains of research in modern physics.
Content	Introduction to experimental systems for quantum information processing (QIP). - Quantum bits - Coherent Control - Measurement - Decoherence QIP with - Ions - Superconducting Circuits - Photons - NMR - Rydberg atoms - NV-centers - Quantum dots
Lecture notes	Course material be made available at www.qudev.ethz.ch and on the Moodle platform for the course. More details to follow.
Literature	Quantum Computation and Quantum Information Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang Cambridge University Press
Prerequisites / Notice	The class will be taught in English language. Basic knowledge of concepts of quantum physics and quantum systems, e.g from courses such as Phyiscs III, Quantum Mechanics I and II or courses on topics such as atomic physics, solid state physics, quantum electronics are considered helpful. More information on this class can be found on the web site www.qudev.ethz.ch
402-0702-00L	Phenomenology of Particle Physics II	W	10 credits	3V + 2U	A. Rubbia, P. Crivelli
Abstract	In PPP II the standard model of particle physics will be developed from the point of view of gauge invariance. The example of QED will introduce the essential concepts. Then we will treat both strong and electroweak interactions. Important examples like deep inelastic lepton-hadron scattering, e+e- -> fermion antifermion, and weak particle decays will be calculated in detail.
Learning objective
402-0264-00L	Astrophysics II	W	10 credits	3V + 2U	A. Refregier
Abstract	The course examines various topics in astrophysics with an emphasis on physical processes occurring in an expanding Universe, from a time about 1 microsecond after the Big Bang, to the formation of galaxies and supermassive black holes within the next billion years.
Learning objective	The course examines various topics in astrophysics with an emphasis on physical processes occurring in an expanding Universe. These include the Robertson-Walker metric, the Friedmann models, the thermal history of the Universe including Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, and introduction to Inflation, and the growth of structure through gravitational instability. Finally, the physics of the formation of cosmic structures, dark matter halos and galaxies is reviewed.
Prerequisites / Notice	Prior completion of Astrophysics I is recommended but not required.
402-0265-00L	Astrophysics III	W	10 credits	3V + 2U	H. M. Schmid
Abstract	Astrophysics III is a course in Galactic Astrophysics. It introduces the concepts of stellar populations, stellar dynamics, interstellar medium (ISM), and star formation for understanding the physics and phenomenology of the different components of the Milky Way galaxy.
Learning objective	The course should provide basic knowledge for research projects in the field of star formation and interstellar matter. A strong emphasis is put on radiation processes and the determination of physical parameters from observations.
Content	Astrophysics III: Galactic Astrophysics - components of the Milky Way: stars, ISM, dark matter, - dynamics of the Milky Way and of different subcomponents, - the physics of the interstellar medium, - star formation and feedback, and - the Milky Way origin and evolution.
Lecture notes	A lecture script will be distributed.
Prerequisites / Notice	Astrophysics I is recommended but not required.

Electives
Electives: Physics and Mathematics
Selection: Solid State Physics
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
402-0516-10L	Group Theory and its Applications	W	12 credits	3V + 3U	D. Pescia
Abstract	This lecture introduces the use of group theory to solve problems of quantum mechanics, condensed matter physics and particle physics. Symmetry is at the roots of quantum mechanics: this lecture is also a tutorial for students that would like to understand the practical side of the (often difficult) mathematical exposition of regular courses on quantum mechanics.
Learning objective	The aim of this lecture is to give a practical knowledge on the application of symmetry in atomic-, molecular-, condensed matter- and particle physics. The lecture is intended for students at the master and Phd. level in Physics that would like to have a practical and comprehensive view of the role of symmetry in physics. Students in their third year of Bachelor will be perfectly able to follow the lecture and can use it for their future master curriculuum. Students from other Departements are welcome, as the lecture is designed to be (almost) self-contained. As symmetry is omnipresent in science and in particular quantum mechanics, this lecture is also a tutorial on quantum mechanics for students that would like to understand what is behind the often difficult mathematical exposition of regular courses on quantum mechanics.
Content	1. Abstract Group Theory and representation theory of groups (Fundamentals of groups, Groups and geometry, Point and space groups, Representation theory of groups (H. Weyl, 1885-1955), Reducible and irreducible representations , Properties of irreducible representations, Characters of a representation and theorems involving them, Symmetry adapted vectors) 2. Group theory and eigenvalue problems (General introduction and practical examples) 3. Representations of continuous groups (the circle group, The full rotation group, atomic physics, the translation group and the Schrödinger representation of quantum mechanics, Cristal field splitting, The Peter-Weyl theorem, The Stone-von Neumann theorem, The Harisch-Chandra character) 4. Space groups and their representations (Elements of crystallography, irreducible representations of the space groups, non-symmorphic space groups) 5. Topological properties of groups and half integer spins: tensor products, applications of tensor products, an introduction to the universal covering group, the universal covering group of SO3, SU(2), how to deal with the spin of the electron, Clebsch-Gordan coefficients, double point groups, the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for point groups, the Wigner-Eckart-Koster theorem and its applications 6 The application of symmetry to phase transitions (Landau). 7. Young tableaus: many electron and particle physics (SU_3).
Lecture notes	A manuscript is made available.
Literature	-B.L. van der Waerden, Group Theory and Quantum Mechanics, Springer Verlag. ("Old" but still modern). - L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz, Lehrbuch der Theor. Pyhsik, Band III, "Quantenmechanik", Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1979, Kap. XII and Ibidem, Band V, "Statistische Physik", Teil 1, Akademie-Verlag 1987, Kap. XIII and XIV. (Very concise and practical) -A. Fässler, E. Stiefel, Group Theoretical Methods and Their applications, Birkhäuser. (A classical book on practical group theory, from a strong ETHZ school). - C. Isham, Lectures on group and vector spaces for physicists, World Scientific. (More mathematical but very didactical)
402-0536-00L	Ferromagnetism: From Thin Films to Spintronics Special Students UZH must book the module PHY434 directly at UZH.	W	6 credits	3G	R. Allenspach
Abstract	This course extends the introductory course "Introduction to Magnetism" to the latest, modern topics in research in magnetism and spintronics. After a short revisit of the basic magnetism concepts, emphasis is put on novel phenomena in (ultra)thin films and small magnetic structures, displaying effects not encountered in bulk magnetism.
Learning objective	Knowing the most important concepts and applications of ferromagnetism, in particular on the nanoscale (thin films, small structures). Being able to read and understand scientific articles at the front of research in this area. Learn to know how and why magnetic storage, sensors, memories and logic concepts function. Learn to condense and present the results of a research articles so that colleagues understand.
Content	Magnetization curves, magnetic domains, magnetic anisotropy; novel effects in ultrathin magnetic films and multilayers: interlayer exchange, spin transport; magnetization dynamics, spin precession. Applications: Magnetic data storage, magnetic memories, spin-based electronics, also called spintronics.
Lecture notes	Lecture notes will be handed out (in English).
Prerequisites / Notice	This course can be easily followed also without having attended the "Introduction to Magnetism" course. Language: English.
402-0318-00L	Semiconductor Materials: Characterization, Processing and Devices	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	S. Schön, W. Wegscheider
Abstract	This course gives an introduction into the fundamentals of semiconductor materials. The main focus in this semester is on state-of-the-art characterization, semiconductor processing and devices.
Learning objective	Basic knowledge of semiconductor physics and technology. Application of this knowledge for state-of-the-art semiconductor device processing
Content	1. Material characterization: structural and chemical methods 1.1 X-ray diffraction methods (Powder diffraction, HRXRD, XRR, RSM) 1.2 Electron microscopy Methods (SEM, EDX, TEM, STEM, EELS) 1.3 SIMS, RBS 2. Material characterization: electronic methods 2.1 van der Pauw techniquel2.2 Floating zone method 2.2 Hall effect 2.3 Cyclotron resonance spectroscopy 2.4. Quantum Hall effect 3. Material characterization: Optical methods 3.1 Absorption methods 3.2 Photoluminescence methods 3.3 FTIR, Raman spectroscopy 4. Semiconductor processing: lithography 4.1 Optical lithography methods 4.2 Electron beam lithography 4.3 FIB lithography 4.4 Scanning probe lithography 4.5 Direct growth methods (CEO, Nanowires) 5. Semiconductor processing: structuring of layers and devices 5.1 Wet etching methods 5.2 Dry etching methods (RIE, ICP, ion milling) 5.3 Physical vapor depositon methods (thermal, e-beam, sputtering) 5.4 Chemical vapor Deposition methods (PECVD, LPCVD, ALD) 5.5 Cleanroom basics & tour 6. Semiconductor devices 6.1 Semiconductor lasers 6.2 LED & detectors 6.3 Solar cells 6.4 Transistors (FET, HBT, HEMT)
Lecture notes	https://moodle-app2.let.ethz.ch/course/view.php?id=14636
Prerequisites / Notice	The "compulsory performance element" of this lecture is a short presentation of a research paper complementing the lecture topics. Several topics and corresponding papers will be offered on the moodle page of this lecture.
402-0538-16L	Introduction to Magnetic Resonance for Physicists Does not take place this semester.	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	C. Degen
Abstract	This course provides the fundamental principles of magnetic resonance and discusses its applications in physics and other disciplines.
Learning objective	Magnetic resonance is a textbook example of quantum mechanics that has made its way into numerous applications. It describes the response of nuclear and electronic spins to radio-frequency magnetic fields. The aim of this course is to provide the basic concepts of magnetic resonance while making connections of relevancy to other areas of science. After completing this course, students will understand the basic interactions of spins and how they are manipulated and detected. They will be able to calculate and simulate the quantum dynamics of spin systems. Examples of current-day applications in solid state physics, quantum information, magnetic resonance tomography, and biomolecular structure determination will also be integrated.
Content	Fundamentals and Applications of Magnetic Resonance - Historical Perspective - Bloch Equations - Quantum Picture of Magnetic Resonance - Spin Hamiltonian - Pulsed Magnetic Resonance - Spin Relaxation - Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Ferromagnetic Resonance - Signal Detection - Modern Topics and Applications of Magnetic Resonance
Lecture notes	Class Notes and Handouts
Literature	1) Charles Slichter, "Principles of Magnetic Resonance" 2) Anatole Abragam, "The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism"
Prerequisites / Notice	Basic knowledge of quantum mechanics is not formally required but highly advantageous.
402-0596-00L	Electronic Transport in Nanostructures	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	T. M. Ihn
Abstract	The lecture discusses modern topics in quantum transport through nanostructures including the underlying materials. Topics are: the quantum Hall effects with emphasis on the fractional quantum Hall effect, two-dimensional topological insulators, graphene and other 2D layered materials, quantum interferometers, quantum dot qubits for quantum information processing, decoherence of quantum states
Learning objective	Students are able to understand modern experiments in the field of electronic transport in nanostructures. They can critically reflect published research in this field and explain it to an audience of physicists. Students know and understand the fundamental phenomena of electron transport in the quantum regime and their significance. They are able to apply their knowledge to practical experiments in a modern research lab.
Lecture notes	The lecture is based on the book: T. Ihn, Semiconductor Nanostructures: Quantum States and Electronic Transport, ISBN 978-0-19-953442-5, Oxford University Press, 2010.
Prerequisites / Notice	A solid basis in quantum mechanics, electrostatics, quantum statistics and in solid state physics is required. Having passed the lecture Semiconductor Nanostructures (fall semester) may be advantageous, but is not required. Students of the Master in Micro- and Nanosystems should at least have attended the lecture by David Norris, Introduction to quantum mechanics for engineers. They should also have passed the exam of the lecture Semiconductor Nanostructures.
402-0564-00L	Solid State Optics Does not take place this semester.	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	L. Degiorgi
Abstract	The interaction of light with the condensed matter is the basic idea and principal foundation of several experimental spectroscopic methods. This lecture is devoted to the presentation of those experimental methods and techniques, which allow the study of the electrodynamic response of solids. I will also discuss recent experimental results on materials of high interest in the on-going solid-stat
Learning objective	The lecture will give a basic introduction to optical spectroscopic methods in solid state physics.
Content	Chapter 1 Maxwell equations and interaction of light with the medium Chapter 2 Experimental methods: a survey Chapter 3 Kramers-Kronig relations; optical functions Chapter 4 Drude-Lorentz phenomenological method Chapter 5 Electronic interband transitions and band structure effects Chapter 6 Selected examples: strongly correlated systems and superconductors
Lecture notes	manuscript (in english) is provided.
Literature	F. Wooten, in Optical Properties of Solids, (Academic Press, New York, 1972) and M. Dressel and G. Gruener, in Electrodynamics of Solids, (Cambridge University Press, 2002).
Prerequisites / Notice	Exercises will be proposed every week for one hour. There will be also the possibility to prepare a short presentations based on recent scientific literature (more at the beginning of the lecture).
402-0528-12L	Ultrafast Methods in Solid State Physics	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	S. Johnson, M. Savoini
Abstract	In condensed matter physics, “ultrafast” refers to dynamics on the picosecond and femtosecond time scales, the time scales where atoms vibrate and electronic spins flip. Measuring real-time dynamics on these time scales is key to understanding materials in nonequilibrium states. This course offers an overview and understanding of the methods used to accomplish this in modern research laboratories.
Learning objective	The goal of the course is to enable students to identify and evaluate experimental methods to manipulate and measure the electronic, magnetic and structural properties of solids on the fastest possible time scales. This offers new fundamental insights on the couplings that bind solid-state systems together. It also opens the door to new technological applications in data storage and processing involving metastable states that can be reached only by driving systems far from equilibrium. This course offers an overview of ultrafast methods as applied to condensed matter physics. Students will learn which methods are appropriate for studying relevant scientific questions, and will be able to describe their relative advantages and limitations.
Content	The topical course outline is as follows: Chapter 1: Introduction - Important time scales for dynamics in solids and their applications - Time-domain versus frequency-domain experiments - The pump-probe technique: general advantages and limits Chapter 2: Overview of ultrafast processes in solids - Carrier dynamics in response to ultrafast laser interactions - Dynamics of the lattice: coherent vs. incoherent phonons - Ultrafast magnetic phenomena Chapter 3: Ultrafast optical-frequency methods - Ultrafast laser sources (oscillators and amplifiers) - Generating broadband pulses - Second and third order harmonic generation - Optical parametric amplification - Fluorescence spectroscopy - Advanced optical pump-probe techniques Chapter 4: THz- and mid-infrared frequency methods - Low frequency interactions with solids - Difference frequency mixing - Optical rectification - Time-domain spectroscopy Chapter 5: VUV and x-ray frequency methods - Synchrotron based sources - Free electron lasers - High-harmonic generation - X-ray diffraction - Time-resolved X-ray microscopy & coherent imaging - Time-resolved core-level spectroscopies Chapter 6: Time-resolved electron methods - Ultrafast electron diffraction - Time-resolved electron microscopy
Lecture notes	Will be distributed via moodle.
Literature	Will be distributed via moodle.
Prerequisites / Notice	Although the course "Ultrafast Processes in Solids" (402-0526-00L) is useful as a companion to this course, it is not a prerequisite.
402-0532-00L	Quantum Solid State Magnetism Does not take place this semester.	W	6 credits	2V + 1U
Abstract	This course is based on the principal modern tools used to study collective magnetic phenomena in the Solid State, namely correlation and response functions. It is quite quantitative, but doesn't contain any "fancy" mathematics. Instead, the theoretical aspects are balanced by numerous experimental examples and case studies. It is aimed at theorists and experimentalists alike.
Learning objective	Learn the modern theoretical foundations and "language", as well as principles and capabilities of the latest experimental techniques, used to describe and study collective magnetic phenomena in the Solid State.
Content	- Magnetic response and correlation functions. Analytic properties. Fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Experimental methods to measure static and dynamic correlations. - Magnetic response and correlations in metals. Diamagnetism and paramagnetism. Magnetic ground states: ferromagnetism, spin density waves. Excitations in metals, spin waves. Experimental examples. - Magnetic response and correlations of magnetic ions in crystals: quantum numbers and effective Hamiltonians. Application of group theory to classifying ionic states. Experimental case studies. - Magnetic response and correlations in magnetic insulators. Effective Hamiltonians. Magnetic order and propagation vector formalism. The use of group theory to classify magnetic structures. Determination of magnetic structures from diffraction data. Excitations: spin wave theory and beyond. "Triplons". Measuring spin wave spectra.
Lecture notes	A comprehensive textbook-like script is provided.
Literature	In principle, the script is suffient as study material. Additional reading: -"Magnetism in Condensed Matter" by S. Blundell -"Quantum Theory of Magnetism: Magnetic properties of Materials" by R. M. White -"Lecture notes on Electron Correlations and Magnetism" by P. Fazekas
Prerequisites / Notice	Prerequisite: 402-0861-00L Statistical Physics 402-0501-00L Solid State Physics Not prerequisite, but a good companion course: 402-0871-00L Solid State Theory 402-0257-00L Advanced Solid State Physics 402-0535-00L Introduction to Magnetism
327-2130-00L	Introducing Photons, Neutrons and Muons for Materials Characterisation Only for MSc Materials Science and MSc Physics.	W	2 credits	3G	A. Hrabec
Abstract	The course takes place at the campus of the Paul Scherrer Institute. The program consists of introductory lectures on the use of photons, neutrons and muons for materials characterization, as well as tours of the large scale facilities of PSI.
Learning objective	The aim of the course is that the students acquire a basic understanding on the interaction of photons, neutrons and muons with matter and how one can use these as tools to solve specific problems.
Content	The course runs for one week in June (21st to 25th), 2021. It takes place at the campus of the Paul Scherrer Institute. The morning consists of introductory lectures on the use of photons, neutrons and muons for materials characterization. In the afternoon tours of the large scale facilities of PSI (Swiss Light Source, Swiss Spallation Neutron Source, Swiss Muon Source, Swiss Free Electron Laser), are foreseen, as well as in depth visits to some of the instruments. At the end of the week, the students are required to give an oral presentation about a scientific topic involving the techniques discussed. Time for the presentation preparations will be allocated in the afternoon. • Interaction of photons, neutrons and muons with matter • Production of photons, neutrons and muons • Experimental setups: optics and detectors • Crystal symmetry, Bragg’s law, reciprocal lattice, structure factors • Elastic and inelastic scattering with neutrons and photons • X-ray absorption spectroscopy, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism • Polarized neutron scattering for the study of magnetic materials • Imaging techniques using x-rays and neutrons • Introduction to muon spin rotation • Applications of muon spin rotation
Lecture notes	Slides from the lectures will be available on the internet prior to the lectures.
Literature	• Philip Willmott: An Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation: Techniques and Applications, Wiley, 2011 • J. Als-Nielsen and D. McMorrow: Elements of Modern X-Ray Physics, Wiley, 2011. • G.L. Squires, Introduction to the Theory of Thermal Neutron Scattering, Dover Publications (1997). • Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation, and Resonance, Applications to Condensed Matter" Alain Yaouanc and Pierre Dalmas de Réotier, Oxford University Press, ISBN: 9780199596478 • “Physics with Muons: from Atomic Physics to Condensed Matter Physics”, A. Amato https://www.psi.ch/lmu/EducationLecturesEN/A_Amato_05_06_2018.pdf
Prerequisites / Notice	This is a block course for students who have attended courses on condensed matter or materials physics. Registration at PSI website (http://indico.psi.ch/event/PSImasterschool) required by March 17th, 2021.
402-0533-00L	Quantum Acoustics and Optomechanics Does not take place this semester.	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	Y. Chu
Abstract	This course gives an introduction to the interaction of mechanical motion with electromagnetic fields in the quantum regime. There are parallels between the quantum descriptions of mechanical resonators, electrical circuits, and light, but each system also has its own unique properties. We will explore how interfacing them can be useful for technological applications and fundamental science.
Learning objective	The goal of this course is provide the introductory knowledge necessary to understand current research in quantum acoustics and optomechanics. As part of this goal, we will also cover some related aspects of acoustics, quantum optics, and circuit/cavity quantum electrodynamics.
Content	The focus of this course will be on the properties of and interactions between mechanical and electromagnetic systems in the context of quantum information and technologies. We will only briefly touch upon precision measurement and sensing with optomechanics since it is the topic of another course (227-0653-00L). Some topics that will be covered are: - Mechanical motion and acoustics in solid state materials - Quantum description of motion, electrical circuits, and light. - Different models for quantum interactions: optomechanical, Jaynes-Cummings, etc. - Mechanisms for mechanical coupling to electromagnetic fields: piezoelectricity, electrostriction, radiation pressure, etc. - Coherent interactions vs. dissipative processes: phenomenon and applications in different regimes. - State-of the art electromechanical and optomechanical systems.
Lecture notes	Notes will be provided for each lecture.
Literature	Parts of books and research papers will be used.
Prerequisites / Notice	Basic knowledge of quantum mechanics would be highly useful.
402-0532-50L	Quantum Solid State Magnetism II	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	K. Povarov
Abstract	This course covers the modern developments and problems in the field of solid state magnetism. It has the special emphasis on the phenomena that go beyond semiclassical approximation, such as quantum paramagnets, spin liquids and magnetic frustration. The course is aimed at both the experimentalists and theorists, and the theoretical concepts are balanced by the experimental data.
Learning objective	Learn the modern approach to the complex magnetic phases of matter and the transitions between them. A number of theoretical approaches that go beyond the linear spin wave theory will be discussed during the course, and an overview of the experimental status quo will be given.
Content	- Phase transitions in the magnetic matter. Classical and quantum criticality. Consequences of broken symmetries for the spectral properties. Absence of order in the low-dimensional systems. Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition and its relevance to “layered” magnets. - Failures of linear spin wave theory. Spin wave decays. Antiferromagnets as bosonic systems. Gapped “quantum paramagnets” and their phase diagrams. Extended spin wave theory. Magnetic “Bose-Einstein condensation”. - Spin systems in one dimension: XY, Ising and Heisenberg model. Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorem. Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid description of the XXZ spin chains. Spin ladders and Haldane chains. Critical points in one dimension and generalized phase diagram. - Effects of disorder in magnets. Harris criterion. “Spin islands” in depleted gapped magnets. - Introduction into magnetic frustration. Order-from-disorder phenomena and triangular lattice in the magnetic field. Frustrated chain and frustrated square lattice models. Exotic magnetic states in two dimensions.
Lecture notes	A comprehensive textbook-like script is provided.
Literature	In principle, the script is sufficient as study material. Additional reading: -"Interacting Electrons and Quantum Magnetism" by A. Auerbach -"Basic Aspects of The Quantum Theory of Solids " by D. Khomskii -"Quantum Physics in One Dimension" by T. Giamarchi -"Quantum Theory of Magnetism: Magnetic properties of Materials" by R. M. White -"Frustrated Spin Systems" ed. H. T. Diep
Prerequisites / Notice	Prerequisite: 402-0861-00L Statistical Physics 402-0501-00L Solid State Physics Not prerequisite, but a good companion course: 402-0871-00L Solid State Theory 402-0257-00L Advanced Solid State Physics 402-0535-00L Introduction to Magnetism 402-0532-00L Quantum Solid State Magnetism I

Selection: Quantum Electronics
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
402-0468-15L	Nanomaterials for Photonics	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	R. Grange, R. Savo
Abstract	The lecture describes various nanomaterials (semiconductor, metal, dielectric, carbon-based...) for photonic applications (optoelectronics, plasmonics, ordered and disordered structures...). It starts with concepts of light-matter interactions, then the fabrication methods, the optical characterization techniques, the description of the properties and the state-of-the-art applications.
Learning objective	The students will acquire theoretical and experimental knowledge about the different types of nanomaterials (semiconductors, metals, dielectric, carbon-based, ...) and their uses as building blocks for advanced applications in photonics (optoelectronics, plasmonics, photonic crystal, ...). Together with the exercises, the students will learn (1) to read, summarize and discuss scientific articles related to the lecture, (2) to estimate order of magnitudes with calculations using the theory seen during the lecture, (3) to prepare a short oral presentation and report about one topic related to the lecture, and (4) to imagine an original photonic device.
Content	1. Introduction to nanomaterials for photonics a. Classification of nanomaterials b. Light-matter interaction at the nanoscale c. Examples of nanophotonic devices 2. Wave physics for nanophotonics a. Wavelength, wave equation, wave propagation b. Dispersion relation c. Interference d. Scattering and absorption e. Coherent and incoherent light 3. Analogies between photons and electrons a. Quantum wave description b. How to confine photons and electrons c. Tunneling effects 4. Characterization of Nanomaterials a. Optical microscopy: Bright and dark field, fluorescence, confocal, High resolution: PALM (STORM), STED b. Light scattering techniques: DLS c. Near field microscopy: SNOM d. Electron microscopy: SEM, TEM e. Scanning probe microscopy: STM, AFM f. X-ray diffraction: XRD, EDS 5. Fabrication of nanomaterials a. Top-down approach b. Bottom-up approach 6. Plasmonics a. What is a plasmon, Drude model b. Surface plasmon and localized surface plasmon (sphere, rod, shell) c. Theoretical models to calculate the radiated field: electrostatic approximation and Mie scattering d. Fabrication of plasmonic structures: Chemical synthesis, Nanofabrication e. Applications 7. Organic and inorganic nanomaterials a. Organic quantum-confined structure: nanomers and quantum dots. b. Carbon nanotubes: properties, bandgap description, fabrication c. Graphene: motivation, fabrication, devices d. Nanomarkers for biophotonics 8. Semiconductors a. Crystalline structure, wave function b. Quantum well: energy levels equation, confinement c. Quantum wires, quantum dots d. Optical properties related to quantum confinement e. Example of effects: absorption, photoluminescence f. Solid-state-lasers: edge emitting, surface emitting, quantum cascade 9. Photonic crystals a. Analogy photonic and electronic crystal, in nature b. 1D, 2D, 3D photonic crystal c. Theoretical modelling: frequency and time domain technique d. Features: band gap, local enhancement, superprism... 10. Nanocomposites a. Effective medium regime b. Metamaterials c. Multiple scattering regime d. Complex media: structural colour, random lasers, nonlinear disorder
Lecture notes	Slides and book chapter will be available for downloading
Literature	References will be given during the lecture
Prerequisites / Notice	Basics of solid-state physics (i.e. energy bands) can help
402-0470-17L	Optical Frequency Combs: Physics and Applications Does not take place this semester.	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	G. Scalari, J. Faist
Abstract	In this lecture, the goal is to review the physics behind mode-locking in these various devices, as well as discuss the most important novelties and applications of the newly developed sources.
Learning objective	In this lecture, the goal is to review the physics behind mode-locking in these various devices, as well as discuss the most important novelties and applications of the newly developed sources.
Content	Since their invention, the optical frequency combs have shown to be a key technological tool with applications in a variety of fields ranging from astronomy, metrology, spectroscopy and telecommunications. Concomitant with this expansion of the application domains, the range of technologies that have been used to generate optical frequency combs has recently widened to include, beyond the solid-state and fiber mode-locked lasers, optical parametric oscillators, microresonators and quantum cascade lasers. In this lecture, the goal is to review the physics behind mode-locking in these various devices, as well as discuss the most important novelties and applications of the newly developed sources. Chapt 1: Fundamentals of optical frequency comb generation - Physics of mode-locking: time domain picture Propagation and stability of a pulse, soliton formation - Dispersion compensation Solid-state and fiber mode-locked laser Chapt 2: Direct generation Microresonator combs: Lugiato-Lefever equation, solitons Quantum cascade laser: Frequency domain picture of the mode-locking Mid-infrared and terahertz QCL combs Chapt 3: Non-linear optics DFG, OPOs Chapt 4: Comb diagnostics and noise Jitter, linewidth Chapt 5: Self-referenced combs and their applications Chapt 6: Dual combs and their applications to spectroscopy
402-0498-00L	Trapped-Ion Physics	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	D. Kienzler
Abstract	This course covers the physics of trapped ions at the quantum level described as harmonic oscillators coupled to spin systems, for which the 2012 Nobel prize was awarded. Trapped-ion systems have achieved an extraordinary level of control and provide leading technologies for quantum information processing and quantum metrology.
Learning objective	The objective is to provide a basis for understanding the wide range of research currently being performed with trapped ion systems: fundamental quantum mechanics with spin-spring systems, quantum information processing and quantum metrology. During the course students would expect to gain an understanding of the current frontier of research in these areas, and the challenges which must be overcome to make further advances. This should provide a solid background for tackling recently published research in these fields, including experimental realisations of quantum information processing using trapped ions.
Content	This course will cover trapped-ion physics. It aims to cover both theoretical and experimental aspects. In all experimental settings the role of decoherence and the quantum-classical transition is of great importance, and this will therefore form one of the key components of the course. The topics of the course were cited in the Nobel prize which was awarded to David Wineland in 2012. Topics which will be covered include: - Fundamental working principles of ion traps and modern trap geometries, quantum description of motion of trapped ions - Electronic structure of atomic ions, manipulation of the electronic state, Rabi- and Ramsey-techniques, principle of an atomic clock - Quantum description of the coupling of electronic and motional degrees of freedom - Laser cooling - Quantum state engineering of coherent, squeezed, cat, grid and entangled states - Trapped ion quantum information processing basics and scaling, current challenges - Quantum metrology with trapped ions: quantum logic spectroscopy, optical clocks, search for physics beyond the standard model using high-precision spectroscopy
Literature	S. Haroche and J-M. Raimond "Exploring the Quantum" (recommended) M. Scully and M.S. Zubairy, Quantum Optics (recommended)
Prerequisites / Notice	The preceding attendance of the scheduled lecture Quantum Optics (402-0442-00L) or a comparable course is required.
402-0558-00L	Crystal Optics in Intense Light Fields	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	M. Fiebig
Abstract	Because of their aesthetic nature crystals are termed "flowers of mineral kingdom". The aesthetic aspect is closely related to the symmetry of the crystals which in turn determines their optical properties. It is the purpose of this course to stimulate the understanding of these relations with a particular focus on those phenomena occurring in intense light fields as they are provided by lasers.
Learning objective	In this course students will at first acquire a systematic knowledge of classical crystal-optical phenomena and the experimental and theoretical tools to describe them. This will be the basis for the core part of the lecture in which they will learn how to characterize ferroelectric, (anti)ferromagnetic and other forms of ferroic order and their interaction by nonlinear optical techniques. See also http://www.ferroic.mat.ethz.ch/research/index.
Content	Crystal classes and their symmetry; basic group theory; optical properties in the absence and presence of external forces; focus on magnetooptical phenomena; density-matrix formalism of light-matter interaction; microscopy of linear and nonlinear optical susceptibilities; second harmonic generation (SHG); characterization of ferroic order by SHG; outlook towards other nonlinear optical effects: devices, ultrafast processes, etc.
Lecture notes	Extensive material will be provided throughout the lecture.
Literature	(1) R. R. Birss, Symmetry and Magnetism, North-Holland (1966) (2) R. E. Newnham: Properties of Materials: Anisotropy, Symmetry, Structure, Oxford University (2005) (3) A. K. Zvezdin, V. A. Kotov: Modern Magnetooptics & Magnetooptical Materials, Taylor/Francis (1997) (4) Y. R. Shen: The Principles of Nonlinear Optics, Wiley (2002) (5) K. H. Bennemann: Nonlinear Optics in Metals, Oxford University (1999)
Prerequisites / Notice	Basic knowledge in solid state physics and quantum (perturbation) theory will be very useful. The lecture is addressed to students in physics and students in materials science with an affinity to physics.
402-0466-15L	Quantum Optics with Photonic Crystals, Plasmonics and Metamaterials	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	G. Scalari
Abstract	In this lecture, we would like to review new developments in the emerging topic of quantum optics in very strongly confined structures, with an emphasis on sources and photon statistics as well as the coupling between optical and mechanical degrees of freedom.
Learning objective	Integration and miniaturisation have strongly characterised fundamental research and industrial applications in the last decades, both for photonics and electronics. The objective of this lecture is to provide insight into the most recent solid-state implementations of strong light-matter interaction, from micro and nano cavities to nano lasers and quantum optics. The content of the lecture focuses on the achievement of extremely subwavelength radiation confinement in electronic and optical resonators. Such resonant structures are then functionalized by integrating active elements to achieve devices with extremely reduced dimensions and exceptional performances. Plasmonic lasers, Purcell emitters are discussed as well as ultrastrong light matter coupling and opto-mechanical systems.
Content	1. Light confinement 1.1. Photonic crystals 1.1.1. Band structure 1.1.2. Slow light and cavities 1.2. Plasmonics 1.2.1. Light confinement in metallic structures 1.2.2. Metal optics and waveguides 1.2.3. Graphene plasmonics 1.3. Metamaterials 1.3.1. Electric and magnetic response at optical frequencies 1.3.2. Negative index, cloacking, left-handness 2. Light coupling in cavities 2.1. Strong coupling 2.1.1. Polariton formation 2.1.2. Strong and ultra-strong coupling 2.2. Strong coupling in microcavities 2.2.1. Planar cavities, polariton condensation 2.3. Polariton dots 2.3.1. Microcavities 2.3.2. Photonic crystals 2.3.3. Metamaterial-based 3. Photon generation and statistics 3.1. Purcell emitters 3.1.1. Single photon sources 3.1.2. THz emitters 3.2. Microlasers 3.2.1. Plasmonic lasers: where is the limit? 3.2.2. g(1) and g(2) of microlasers 3.3. Optomecanics 3.3.1. Micro ring cavities 3.3.2. Photonic crystals 3.3.3. Superconducting resonators
402-0484-00L	Experimental and Theoretical Aspects of Quantum Gases Does not take place this semester.	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	T. Esslinger
Abstract	Quantum Gases are the most precisely controlled many-body systems in physics. This provides a unique interface between theory and experiment, which allows addressing fundamental concepts and long-standing questions. This course lays the foundation for the understanding of current research in this vibrant field.
Learning objective	The lecture conveys a basic understanding for the current research on quantum gases. Emphasis will be put on the connection between theory and experimental observation. It will enable students to read and understand publications in this field.
Content	Cooling and trapping of neutral atoms Bose and Fermi gases Ultracold collisions The Bose-condensed state Elementary excitations Vortices Superfluidity Interference and Correlations Optical lattices
Lecture notes	notes and material accompanying the lecture will be provided
Literature	C. J. Pethick and H. Smith, Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute Gases, Cambridge. Proceedings of the Enrico Fermi International School of Physics, Vol. CXL, ed. M. Inguscio, S. Stringari, and C.E. Wieman (IOS Press, Amsterdam, 1999).
402-0444-00L	Advanced Quantum Optics Does not take place this semester.	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	A. Imamoglu
Abstract	This course builds up on the material covered in the Quantum Optics course. The emphasis will be on quantum optics in condensed-matter systems.
Learning objective	The course aims to provide the knowledge necessary for pursuing advanced research in the field of Quantum Optics in condensed matter systems. Fundamental concepts and techniques of Quantum Optics will be linked to experimental research in systems such as quantum dots, exciton-polaritons, quantum Hall fluids and two-dimensional materials.
Content	Description of open quantum systems using master equation and quantum trajectories. Decoherence and quantum measurements. Dicke superradiance. Dissipative phase transitions. Signatures of electron-exciton and electron-electron interactions in optical response.
Lecture notes	Lecture notes will be provided
Literature	C. Cohen-Tannoudji et al., Atom-Photon-Interactions (recommended) Y. Yamamoto and A. Imamoglu, Mesoscopic Quantum Optics (recommended) A collection of review articles (will be pointed out during the lecture)
Prerequisites / Notice	Masters level quantum optics knowledge
402-0486-00L	Frontiers of Quantum Gas Research: Few- and Many-Body Physics Does not take place this semester.	W	6 credits	2V + 1U
Abstract	The lecture will discuss the most relevant recent research in the field of quantum gases. Bosonic and fermionic quantum gases with emphasis on strong interactions will be studied. The topics include low dimensional systems, optical lattices and quantum simulation, the BEC-BCS crossover and the unitary Fermi gas, transport phenomena, and quantum gases in optical cavities.
Learning objective	The lecture is intended to convey an advanced understanding for the current research on quantum gases. Emphasis will be put on the connection between theory and experimental observation. It will enable students to follow current publications in this field.
Content	Quantum gases in one and two dimensions Optical lattices, Hubbard physics and quantum simulation Strongly interacting Fermions: the BEC-BCS crossover and the unitary Fermi gas Transport phenomena in ultracold gases Quantum gases in optical cavities
Lecture notes	no script
Literature	C. J. Pethick and H. Smith, Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute Gases, Cambridge. T. Giamarchi, Quantum Physics in one dimension I. Bloch, J. Dalibard, W. Zwerger, Many-body physics with ultracold gases, Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 885 (2008) Proceedings of the Enrico Fermi International School of Physics, Vol. CLXIV, ed. M. Inguscio, W. Ketterle, and C. Salomon (IOS Press, Amsterdam, 2007). Additional literature will be distributed during the lecture
Prerequisites / Notice	Presumably, Prof. Päivi Törmä from Aalto university in Finland will give part of the course. The exercise classes will be partly in the form of a Journal Club, in which a student presents the achievements of a recent important research paper. More information available on http://www.quantumoptics.ethz.ch/
151-0172-00L	Microsystems II: Devices and Applications	W	6 credits	3V + 3U	C. Hierold, C. I. Roman
Abstract	The students are introduced to the fundamentals and physics of microelectronic devices as well as to microsystems in general (MEMS). They will be able to apply this knowledge for system research and development and to assess and apply principles, concepts and methods from a broad range of technical and scientific disciplines for innovative products.
Learning objective	The students are introduced to the fundamentals and physics of microelectronic devices as well as to microsystems in general (MEMS), basic electronic circuits for sensors, RF-MEMS, chemical microsystems, BioMEMS and microfluidics, magnetic sensors and optical devices, and in particular to the concepts of Nanosystems (focus on carbon nanotubes), based on the respective state-of-research in the field. They will be able to apply this knowledge for system research and development and to assess and apply principles, concepts and methods from a broad range of technical and scientific disciplines for innovative products. During the weekly 3 hour module on Mondays dedicated to Übungen the students will learn the basics of Comsol Multiphysics and utilize this software to simulate MEMS devices to understand their operation more deeply and optimize their designs.
Content	Transducer fundamentals and test structures Pressure sensors and accelerometers Resonators and gyroscopes RF MEMS Acoustic transducers and energy harvesters Thermal transducers and energy harvesters Optical and magnetic transducers Chemical sensors and biosensors, microfluidics and bioMEMS Nanosystem concepts Basic electronic circuits for sensors and microsystems
Lecture notes	Handouts (on-line)
402-0414-00L	Strongly Correlated Many-Body Systems: From Electrons to Ultracold Atoms to Photons	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	A. Imamoglu, E. Demler
Abstract	This course covers the physics of strongly correlated systems that emerge in diverse platforms, ranging from two-dimensional electrons, through ultracold atoms in atomic lattices, to photons.
Learning objective	The goal of the lecture is to prepare the students for research in strongly correlated systems currently investigated in vastly different physical platforms.
Content	Feshbach resonances, Bose & Fermi polarons, Anderson impurity model and the s-d Hamiltonian, Kondo effect, quantum magnetism, cavity-QED, probing noise in strongly correlated systems, variational non-Gaussian approach to interacting many-body systems.
Lecture notes	Hand-written lecture notes will be distributed.
Prerequisites / Notice	Knowledge of Quantum Mechanics at the level of QM II and exposure to Solid State Theory.

Selection: Particle Physics
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
402-0726-12L	Physics of Exotic Atoms	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	P. Crivelli, A. Soter
Abstract	In this course, we will review the status of physics with exotic atoms including the new exciting advances such as anti-hydrogen 1S-2S spectroscopy and measurements of the hyperfine splitting and the puzzling results of the muonic-hydrogen experiment for the determination of the proton charge radius.
Learning objective	The course will give an introduction on the physics of exotic atoms covering both theoretical and experimental aspects. The focus will be set on the systems which are currently a subject of research in Switzerland: positronium at ETHZ, anti-hydrogen at CERN and muonium, muonic-H and muonic-He at PSI. The course will enable the students to follow recent publications in this field.
Content	Review of the theory of hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms Interaction of atoms with radiation Hyperfine splitting theory and experiments: Positronium (Ps), Muonium (Mu) and anti-hydrogen (Hbar) High precision spectroscopy: Ps, Mu and Hbar Lamb shift in muonic-H and muonic-He- the proton radius puzzle Weak and strong interaction tests with exotic atoms Anti-matter and gravitation Applications of antimatter
Lecture notes	script
Literature	Precision physics of simple atoms and molecules, Savely G. Karshenboim, Springer 2008 Proceedings of the International Conference on Exotic Atoms (EXA 2008) and the 9th International Conference on Low Energy Antiproton Physics (LEAP 2008) held in Vienna, Austria, 15-19 September 2008 (PART I/II), Hyperfine Interactions, Volume 193, Numbers 1-3 / September 2009 Laser Spectroscopy: Vol. 1 Basic Principles Vol. 2 Experimental Techniques von Wolfgang Demtröder von Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2008
402-0738-00L	Statistical Methods and Analysis Techniques in Experimental Physics	W	10 credits	5G	M. Donegà
Abstract	This lecture gives an introduction to the statistical methods and the various analysis techniques applied in experimental particle physics. The exercises treat problems of general statistical topics; they also include hands-on analysis projects, where students perform independent analyses on their computer, based on real data from actual particle physics experiments.
Learning objective	Students will learn the most important statistical methods used in experimental particle physics. They will acquire the necessary skills to analyse large data records in a statistically correct manner. Learning how to present scientific results in a professional manner and how to discuss them.
Content	Topics include: - modern methods of statistical data analysis - probability distributions, error analysis, simulation methos, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, setting limits and introduction to multivariate methods. - most examples are taken from particle physics. Methodology: - lectures about the statistical topics; - common discussions of examples; - exercises: specific exercises to practise the topics of the lectures; - all students perform statistical calculations on (their) computers; - students complete a full data analysis in teams (of two) over the second half of the course, using real data taken from particle physics experiments; - at the end of the course, the students present their analysis results in a scientific presentation; - all students are directly tutored by assistants in the classroom.
Lecture notes	- Copies of all lectures are available on the web-site of the course. - A scriptum of the lectures is also available to all students of the course.
Literature	1) Statistics: A guide to the use of statistical medhods in the Physical Sciences, R.J.Barlow; Wiley Verlag . 2) J Statistical data analysis, G. Cowan, Oxford University Press; ISBN: 0198501552. 3) Statistische und numerische Methoden der Datenanalyse, V.Blobel und E.Lohrmann, Teubner Studienbuecher Verlag. 4) Data Analysis, a Bayesian Tutorial, D.S.Sivia with J.Skilling, Oxford Science Publications.
Prerequisites / Notice	Basic knowlege of nuclear and particle physics are prerequisites.
402-0703-00L	Phenomenology of Physics Beyond the Standard Model	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	M. Spira, A. de Cosa
Abstract	After a short introduction to the theoretical foundations and experimental tests of the standard model, supersymmetry, leptoquarks, and extra dimensions will be treated among other topics. Thereby the phenomenological aspect, i. e., the search for new particles and interactions at existing and future particle accelerators will play a significant role.
Learning objective	The goal of the lecture is the introduction into several theoretical concepts that provide solutions for the open questions of the Standard Model of particle physics and thus lead to physics beyond the Standard Model. Besides the theoretical concepts the phenomenological aspect plays a role, i.e. the search for new particles and interactions at the existing and future particle accelerators plays a crucial role.
Content	see home page: http://ihp-lx2.ethz.ch/JenseitsSM/
Lecture notes	see home page: http://ihp-lx2.ethz.ch/JenseitsSM/
Prerequisites / Notice	Will be taught in German only if all students understand German.
402-0778-00L	Particle Accelerator Physics and Modeling II	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	A. Adelmann
Abstract	The effect of nonlinearities on the beam dynamics of charged particles will be discussed. For the nonlinear beam transport, Lie-Methods in combination with differential algebra (DA) and truncated power series (TPS) will be introduced. In the second part we will discuss surrogate model construction for such non-linear dynamical systems using neural networks and polynomial chaos expansion.
Learning objective	Models for nonlinear beam dynamics can be applied to new or existing particle accelerators. You create Python based surrogate models of dynamical systems, such as charged particle accelerators using Keras and Tensorflow.
Content	- Symplectic Maps and Higher Order Beam Dynamics - Taylor Modells and Differential Algebra - Lie Methods - Normal Forms - Surrogate Models for dynamical systems - Surrogate model based neural networks - Surrogate model based polynomial chaos - Uncertanty quantification of dynamical systems
Lecture notes	Lecture notes
Literature	* Modern Map Methods in Particle Beam Physics M. Berz (http://bt.pa.msu.edu/pub/papers/AIEP108book/AIEP108book.pdf)
Prerequisites / Notice	Ideally Particle Accelerator Physics and Modelling 1 (PAM-1), however at the beginning of the semester, a crash course is offered introducing the minimum level of particle accelerator modeling needed to follow. This lecture is also suited for PhD. Students.
402-0604-00L	Materials Analysis by Nuclear Techniques	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	C. Vockenhuber
Abstract	Materials analysis by MeV ion beams. Nuclear techniques are presented which allow to quantitatively investigate the composition, structure and trace element content of solids.
Learning objective	Students learn the basic concepts of ion beam analysis and its different analytical techniques. They understand how experimental data is taken and interpreted. They are able to chose the appropriate method of analysis to solve a given problem.
Content	The course treats applications of nuclear methods in other fields of research. Materials analysis by ion beam analysis is emphasized. Techniques are presented which allow the quantitative investigation of composition, structure, and trace element content of solids: - elasic nuclear scattering (Rutherfor Backscattering, Recoil detection) - nuclear (resonant) reaction analysis - activation analysis - ion beam channeling (investigation of crystal defects) - neutron sources - MeV ion microprobes, imaging surface analysis The course is also suited for graduate students.
Lecture notes	Lecture notes will be distributed in pdf.
Literature	'Ion Beam Analysis: Fundamentals and Applications', M. Nastasi, J.W. Mayer, Y. Wang, CRC Press 2014, ISBN 9781439846384
Prerequisites / Notice	A practical lab demonstration is organized as part of lectures and exercises. The course is also well suited for graduate students. It can be held in German or English, depending on participants.

Selection: Theoretical Physics
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
402-0883-63L	Symmetries in Physics	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	M. Gaberdiel
Abstract	The course gives an introduction to symmetry groups in physics. It explains the relevant mathematical background (finite groups, Lie groups and algebras as well as their representations), and illustrates their important role in modern physics.
Learning objective	The aim of the course is to give a self-contained introduction into finite group theory as well as Lie theory from a physicists point of view. Abstract mathematical constructions will be illustrated with examples from physics.
Content	Finite group theory, including representation theory and character methods; application to crystal field splitting. The symmetric group and the structure of its representations; application to identical particles and parastatistics. Simple Lie algebras and their finite-dimensional representations. Description of representations of SU(N) in terms of Young diagrams; applications in particle physics.
402-0895-00L	The Standard Model of Electroweak Interactions Special Students UZH must book the module PHY563 directly at UZH.	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	G. Isidori
Abstract	Topics to be covered: A) Electroweak Theory - Spontaneous symmetry breaking and the Higgs mechanism - The electroweak Standard Model Lagrangian - The role of the Higgs and the Goldstone bosons B) Flavour Physics -The flavour sector of the Standard Model -The neutral kaon system and CP violation C) Neutrino oscillations D) Precision tests of the electroweak Standard Model
Learning objective	An introduction to modern theoretical particle physics
Literature	As described in the entity: Lernmaterialien
Prerequisites / Notice	Knowledge of Quantum Field Theory I is required. Parallel following of Quantum Field Theory II is recommended.
402-0886-00L	Introduction to Quantum Chromodynamics Does not take place this semester. Special Students UZH must book the module PHY564 directly at UZH.	W	6 credits	2V + 1U
Abstract	Introduction to the theoretical aspects of Quantum Chromodynamics, the theory of strong interactions.
Learning objective	Students that complete the course will be able to understand the fundamentals of QCD, to quantitatively discuss the ultraviolet and infrared behaviour of the theory, to perform simple calculations and to understand modern publications on this research field.
Content	The following topics will be covered: - QCD Lagrangian and gauge invariance - Ultraviolet behaviour of QCD: renormalisation, the beta function, running coupling and asymptotic freedom - Infrared behaviour of QCD: soft and collinear divergences, coherence, jets - Parton Model, factorisation and Deeply Inelastic Scattering - Parton evolution in QCD: the DGLAP equations - QCD at hadron colliders
Literature	Will be provided at the Moodle site for the course.
Prerequisites / Notice	QFT I : A working knowledge of Quantum Field Theory I, at the level of easily performing tree-level computations with Feynman diagrams given the Feynman rules, is assumed.
402-0848-00L	Advanced Field Theory Special Students UZH must book the module PHY572 directly at UZH.	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	A. Gehrmann-De Ridder
Abstract	The course treats the following topics in quantum field theory: -Chiral symmetries and chiral anomalies in QED and QCD -Topological objects in field theory including: axions Magnetic monopoles instantons -Cosmology related topics including: Baryogenesis and inflation
Learning objective	The course aims to provide an introduction to selected advanced topics in Quantum field Theory.
Content	A sound understanding of it can be viewed as a necessary foundation for research in elementary particle, astro particle physics and cosmology.
Literature	The corresponding literature will be given in the entity "Lernmaterialien"
Prerequisites / Notice	Prerequisite: Quantum Field Theory I Recommended: Quantum Field Theory II (to be attended in parallel)
402-0888-00L	Field Theory in Condensed Matter Physics Does not take place this semester.	W	6 credits	2V + 1U
Abstract	This class is dedicated to non-perturbative many-body effects in condensed matter physics.
Learning objective	To learn modern concepts in many-body condensed matter physics.
Content	In this class I will show, by examples, how field theory can describe some important non-perturbative phenomena in condensed matter physics.
Lecture notes	A pdf script in English will be distributed by email to those attending the class.
Literature	Lecture Notes on Field Theory in Condensed Matter Physics, Christopher Mudry, World Scientific Publishing Company, ISBN 978-981-4449-09-0 (Hardcover), 978-981-4449-10-6 (paperback)]
402-0810-00L	Computational Quantum Physics Special Students UZH must book the module PHY522 directly at UZH.	W	8 credits	2V + 2U	M. H. Fischer
Abstract	This course provides an introduction to simulation methods for quantum systems. Starting from the one-body problem, a special emphasis is on quantum many-body problems, where we cover both approximate methods (Hartree-Fock, density functional theory) and exact methods (exact diagonalization, matrix product states, and quantum Monte Carlo methods).
Learning objective	Through lectures and practical programming exercises, after this course: Students are able to describe the difficulties of quantum mechanical simulations. Students are able to explain the strengths and weaknesses of the methods covered. Students are able to select an appropriate method for a given problem. Students are able to implement basic versions of all algorithms discussed.
Lecture notes	A script for this lecture will be provided.
Literature	A list of additional references will be provided in the script.
Prerequisites / Notice	A basic knowledge of quantum mechanics, numerical tools (numerical differentiation and integration, linear solvers, eigensolvers, root solvers, optimization), and a programming language (for the teaching assignments, you are free to choose your preferred one).
402-0812-00L	Computational Statistical Physics	W	8 credits	2V + 2U	M. Krstic Marinkovic
Abstract	Computer simulation methods in statistical physics. Classical Monte-Carlo-simulations: finite-size scaling, cluster algorithms, histogram-methods, renormalization group. Application to Boltzmann machines. Simulation of non-equilibrium systems. Molecular dynamics simulations: long range interactions, Ewald summation, discrete elements, parallelization.
Learning objective	The lecture will give a deeper insight into computer simulation methods in statistical physics. Thus, it is an ideal continuation of the lecture "Introduction to Computational Physics" of the autumn semester. In the first part students learn to apply the following methods: Classical Monte Carlo-simulations, finite-size scaling, cluster algorithms, histogram-methods, renormalization group. Moreover, students learn about the application of statistical physics methods to Boltzmann machines and how to simulate non-equilibrium systems. In the second part, students apply molecular dynamics simulation methods. This part includes long range interactions, Ewald summation and discrete elements.
Content	Computer simulation methods in statistical physics. Classical Monte-Carlo-simulations: finite-size scaling, cluster algorithms, histogram-methods, renormalization group. Application to Boltzmann machines. Simulation of non-equilibrium systems. Molecular dynamics simulations: long range interactions, Ewald summation, discrete elements, parallelization.
Lecture notes	Lecture notes and slides are available online and will be distributed if desired.
Literature	Literature recommendations and references are included in the lecture notes.
Prerequisites / Notice	Some basic knowledge about statistical physics, classical mechanics and computational methods is recommended.
402-0462-00L	Advanced Topics in Quantum Information Theory	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	L. Pacheco Cañamero B. del Rio, R. Silva
Abstract
Learning objective	1. Quantum thermodynamics a) Resource theory approach b) Landauer's principle c) Heat engines d) Thermalization 2. Clocks and control a) Controlled operations b) Perfect clock c) Finite-size effects (eg Gaussian clock) d) Information-theoretical approaches (eg alternate ticks game) 3. Puzzles and no-go theorems a) Logical pre- and post-selection paradoxes (eg pigeons, Hardy) b) Quantum contextuality and non-locality c) Multi-agent logical puzzles (eg Wigner's friend, Frauchiger-Renner) 4. Axiomatic derivations of quantum theory a) Generalized probability theories (and PR boxes) b) Axiomatizations within GPTs c) Generalizations of the Born rule
402-0455-00L	Quantum Sensing and Metrology Theory	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	M. P. Woods
Abstract	Quantum Sensing is the process in which we acquire information about a physical quantity via measurements using quantum systems. It is a vital process in all quantum technologies. The course will focus on theoretical concepts that impact future implementations of quantum technologies.
Learning objective	The course provides an insight into various techniques and limitations in quantum sensing and metrology.
Content	The course covers a selection of quantum sensing techniques and precision limitations. Particular focus will be put on theoretical concepts that impact future implementations of quantum technologies. Topics include: historical overview and examples, quantum sensing protocols and their sensitivity, local optimal estimation (Cramér–Rao bound and quantum Fisher information), global optimal estimation, standard quantum limit, Heisenberg limit, teleportation-invariant channels, examples such as Quantum Reading, Quantum Illumination, Quantum super-resolution.
Prerequisites / Notice	Quantum Mechanics I is a prerequisite. The course is complementary to the courses Quantum Information Theory and Quantum Information Processing.
402-0889-00L	Topological Condensed Matter Physics Special Students UZH must book the module PHY576 directly at UZH.	W	6 credits	2V + 2U	S. Huber, T. Neupert
Abstract	This course provides the student with a solid understanding of quantum phases with non-trivial topological properties. At the end of the course the student will be acquainted with the theoretical description of the integer and fractional quantum Hall phases, symmetry protected topological states like the topological insulators and quantum spin systems.
Learning objective	The goal of this course is to provide the student with a solid understanding of quantum phases with non-trivial topological properties. The course is aimed at the graduate level and requires basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and solid state physics. The necessary tools and concepts are introduced on the example of the integer quantum Hall effect. At the end of the course the student will be acquainted with the theoretical description of the integer and fractional quantum Hall phases, symmetry protected topological states like the topological insulators and quantum spin systems.

Selection:Astrophysics
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
402-0714-00L	Astro-Particle Physics II	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	A. Biland
Abstract	This lecture focuses on the neutral components of the cosmic rays as well as on several aspects of Dark Matter. Main topics will be very-high energy astronomy and neutrino astronomy.
Learning objective	Students know experimental methods to measure neutrinos as well as high energy and very high energy photons from extraterrestrial sources. They are aware of the historical development and the current state of the field, including major theories. Additionally, they understand experimental evidences about the existence of Dark Matter and selected Dark Matter theories.
Content	a) short repetition about 'charged cosmic rays' (1st semester) b) High Energy (HE) and Very-High Energy (VHE) Astronomy: - ongoing and near-future detectors for (V)HE gamma-rays - possible production mechanisms for (V)HE gamma-rays - galactic sources: supernova remnants, pulsar-wind nebulae, micro-quasars, etc. - extragalactic sources: active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, galaxy clusters, etc. - the gamma-ray horizon and it's cosmological relevance c) Neutrino Astronomy: - atmospheric, solar, extrasolar and cosmological neutrinos - actual results and near-future experiments d) Dark Matter: - evidence for existence of non-barionic matter - Dark Matter models (mainly Supersymmetry) - actual and near-future experiments for direct and indirect Dark Matter searches
Lecture notes	See: http://ihp-lx2.ethz.ch/AstroTeilchen/
Literature	See: http://ihp-lx2.ethz.ch/AstroTeilchen/
Prerequisites / Notice	This course can be attended independent of Astro-Particle Physics I.
402-0368-13L	Extrasolar Planets	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	S. P. Quanz
Abstract	The course introduces in detail some of the main observational methods for the detection and characterization of extra-solar planetary systems. It covers the physics of planets (in the solar system and in extra-solar systems) and provides some overview of the current state of this dynamic research field.
Learning objective	The course gives an overview of the current state-of-the-art in exoplanet science and serves as basis for first research projects in the field of exoplanet systems and related topics.
Content	Content of the lecture EXTRASOLAR PLANETS 1. Planets in the astrophysical context 2. Planets in the solar systems 3. Detecting extra-solar planetary systems 4. Properties of planetary systems and planets 5. Planet formation 6. Search for habitable planets and bio-signatures
402-0376-16L	Advanced Statistical Methods in Cosmology and Astrophysics Does not take place this semester. This course is not being offered anymore.	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	to be announced
Abstract	Statistical methods are increasingly important in modern science. In this course we will build an understanding of statistical methods beyond Bayesian inference. These include information content of experiments through relative entropy and ABC methods for difficult problem when the likelihood cannot be calculated. We will also cover topics which are now commonly used in cosmology.
Learning objective
Content	In this course we will build an understanding of statistical methods beyond Bayesian inference. These include information content of experiments through relative entropy and ABC methods for difficult problem when the likelihood cannot be calculated. We will also cover topics, such as power spectrum estimation, which are now commonly used in cosmology.
Prerequisites / Notice	In this course we will assume good knowledge of statistical inference, so it is recommended that students have taken 'Statistical Methods in Cosmology and Astrophysics' or equivalent.
402-0368-61L	The Sun, Stars and Planets - Properties, Processes and Interactions	W	4 credits	2G	L. Harra, S. P. Quanz
Abstract	The physics of solar flares, coronal mass ejections and the solar wind will be described. A discussion of the similarities and differences to stellar flares and coronal mass ejections will follow. An introduction to the detection and characterization of extrasolar planets, the impact of stellar phenomena on exoplanets and in particular on their potential habitability will be given.
Learning objective	The main goal of the course is to give the students an overview of physical phenomena that lead to impacts on the Earth, planets and exoplanets. The areas described are at the forefront of scientific research internationally, and touch on significant questions such as ‘is there life on other planets’. These topics will be of interest to students studying astrophysics, earth science and planetary sciences.
Literature	"Astronomy and Astrophysics", Zeilik and Gregory "Universe", Freedman and Kaufmann Living review "The Sun in time: activity and environment" Güdel "Solar Astrophysics", Peter Foukal "Host stars and their effect on Exoplanet Atmospheres", Jeffrey Linsky
402-0395-00L	Multimessenger Constraints of Generalizations of Gravity Does not take place this semester.	W	8 credits	3G	L. Heisenberg
Abstract	The LIGO detections of Gravitational Waves have started the field of Gravitational Wave astronomy. This opens an exiting opportunity to test gravity theories in regimes where it has not been tested yet. Together with standard cosmological observations, one can put tight multimessenger constraints on different cosmological models.
Learning objective	These lecture series will be dedicated to combining theory with cosmological observations. First of all, I will discuss the consistent construction of prominent gravity theories, both from a geometrical as well as field theory perspectives. I will introduce more general space-time geometries as well as the building blocks of field theories based on additional degrees of freedom in the gravity sector. Coming from the theory side, I will explain the theoretical constraints and consistency checks that can be applied to fundamental gravity theories. In the observational side, the confrontation of gravity theories with cosmological observations is a crucial ingredient in testing these theories. A natural starting point will be the study of the background evolution. Theory parameters can then be constrained using the distance redshift relation from Supernovae, the distance priors method from CMB and BAO measurements. Given the recent developments in gravitational wave physics, I will discuss the implications of alternative gravity theories in the regime of strong gravity.
Literature	Useful reading materials: cosmology book by Matthias Bartelmann, gravitational waves book by Michele Maggiore and the articles arXiv:1807.01725, arXiv:1806.05195
402-0395-50L	Cosmological Frontiers of Gravity	W	4 credits	2G	L. Heisenberg
Abstract	These lecture series will be dedicated to different advanced topics within the framework of theoretical cosmology and gravity. A detailed introduction into the successful construction of gravitational interactions will be given, together with their cosmological implications.
Learning objective	These lecture series will be dedicated to combining theory with cosmological observations. First of all, I will discuss the consistent construction of prominent gravity theories, both from a geometrical as well as field theory perspectives. I will introduce more general space-time geometries as well as the building blocks of field theories based on additional degrees of freedom in the gravity sector. Coming from the theory side, I will explain the theoretical constraints and consistency checks that can be applied to fundamental gravity theories. In the observational side, the confrontation of gravity theories with cosmological observations is a crucial ingredient in testing these theories. A natural starting point will be the study of the background evolution. Theory parameters can then be constrained using the distance redshift relation from Supernovae, the distance priors method from CMB and BAO measurements. Given the recent developments in gravitational wave physics, I will discuss the implications of light bosons in the regime of strong gravity.
Literature	Useful reading materials: cosmology book by Matthias Bartelmann, gravitational waves book by Michele Maggiore and the articles arXiv:1807.01725, arXiv:1806.05195
402-0385-68L	Topics in the Evolution of Galaxies	W	4 credits	1V + 1S	S. Lilly
Abstract	The course examines the formation and evolution of galaxies in the Universe. There will be a general introduction about how we observe the evolution of the Universe, and the theory of dark matter structure formation in the Universe. We will then look at several aspects of the more complex evolution of the "baryonic" component of the Universe, using a combination of lectures and student seminars.
Learning objective	The first goal is to give students an overall understanding of the most important processes observed in the evolving universe. However, another very important goal for this course concerns more the nature of scientific research. By focusing on practical questions at the forefront of our knowledge, the course will also expose students to the challenges that are encountered in carrying out research using "passive" investigations, in this case astronomical observations. These include the challenges of inferring causal relations from data, the meaning of probability when describing classical phenomena, the difficulties of dealing with an evolving population, and the importance of the prevailing paradigm in formulating what are the most interesting scientific questions to be asked. Many of these issues will therefore be of general interest for other emerging areas of science in which large datasets are passively queried.

Selection: Further Electives
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
402-0742-00L	Energy and Environment in the 21st Century (Part II)	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	P. Morf
Abstract	This second part of the lecture on Energy and Environment in the 21st century covers the state of human civilization and its impact on the environment. We find many unsustainable aspects and try to investigate the consequences. Can we find and maintain a sustainable way of life? Do we find scientific measures and ethical guidelines to stay within the planetary boundaries?
Learning objective	Can we find a scientifically useful definition of sustainability? We try to understand the unsustainable aspects of our current lifestyle and our society. Investigate the unsustainable use of ressources, environmental destruction, climate change and mass extinctions. How long can humanity continue on its current unsustainable path, what are the possible consequences? Historical examples of society collapse. What can we learn from them - can we? What about existing models/experiments promise to transform the human society into the direction of sustainability? Which guide lines and transformational designs can we follow into a sustainable world?
Content	Introduction to "sustainability" (26.2.) Population Dynamik (5.3.) Finite (energy)-resources (12.3.) Waste problems (19.3.) Water, soil and industrial agriculture (26.3.) Biodiversity (16.4.) Limits to growth (23.4.) Over the limits (30.4.) Growth, de-growth and the doughnut economy (7.5) Sustainability, how to achieve? (14.5.) Interdisciplinary environmental science (21.5.) Environmental ethics and policies (28.5.) Possible ways into sustainability – how is your 2040 or 2050 (4.6)
Literature	Environmental Physics (Boeker and Grandelle) Humanökologie (Nentwig) Limits to growth (Meadows, Meadows, Randers and Behrens) A prosperous way down: Principles and Policies (Odum and Odum) Come On! (Weizäcker and Wijkman)
Prerequisites / Notice	Basics on Physics applied to Energy and Environment. Investigation on current problems (and possible solutions) related to the human environment interaction and the needed transition from an unsustainable use of renewable and non renewable (energy) resources to sustainable systems. Training of scientific and multi-disciplinary methods, approaches and their limits in the exercises and discussions.
402-0248-00L	Electronics for Physicists II (Digital) Number of participants limited to 30.	W	4 credits	4G	Y. M. Acremann
Abstract	The course will start with logic and finite state machines. These concepts will be applied in practical exercises using FPGAs. Based on this knowledge we will cover the working principles of microprocessors. We will cover combined systems where a micro processor is used for the complex parts and specialized logic on the FPGA is in charge of processing time-critical signals.
Learning objective	The goal of this lecture is to give an overview over digital electronic design needed for timing and data acquisition systems used in physics. After this lecture you will have the knowledge to design digital systems based on FPGAs and microcontrollers.
Content	The goal of this lecture is to give an overview over digital electronic design needed for timing and data acquisition systems used in physics. After this lecture you will have the knowledge to design digital systems based on FPGAs and micro controllers. Contents: Combinational logic Flip-Flops Binary representations of numbers, binary arithmetic Counters, shift registers Hardware description languages (mostly VHDL) Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) From algorithm to architecture Finite state machines Buses (parallel, serial) The SPI bus Digital signal processing The sampling theorem Z-transform, Digital filters Frequency conversion The microprocessor (illustrated on an open-source implementation of the RISC-V microprocessor) SPI bus with a micro controller Combined systems: FPGA for the time critical part, processor for the user interface System-on-chip (FPGA based)
Prerequisites / Notice	We recommend the students to have taken Analog Electronics for Physicists or to have knowledge of basic analog electronics. Students (or at least each group of 2 / 3 students) need a laptop computer, preferably running Linux or Windows. For other operating systems we recommend running Linux or Windows on a virtual machine.

Selection: Neuroinformatics /INI
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
227-1032-00L	Neuromorphic Engineering II Information for UZH students: Enrolment to this course unit only possible at ETH. No enrolment to module INI405 at UZH. Please mind the ETH enrolment deadlines for UZH students: Link	W	6 credits	5G	T. Delbrück, G. Indiveri, S.‑C. Liu
Abstract	This course teaches the basics of analog chip design and layout with an emphasis on neuromorphic circuits, which are introduced in the fall semester course "Neuromorphic Engineering I".
Learning objective	Design of a neuromorphic circuit for implementation with CMOS technology.
Content	This course teaches the basics of analog chip design and layout with an emphasis on neuromorphic circuits, which are introduced in the autumn semester course "Neuromorphic Engineering I". The principles of CMOS processing technology are presented. Using a set of inexpensive software tools for simulation, layout and verification, suitable for neuromorphic circuits, participants learn to simulate circuits on the transistor level and to make their layouts on the mask level. Important issues in the layout of neuromorphic circuits will be explained and illustrated with examples. In the latter part of the semester students simulate and layout a neuromorphic chip. Schematics of basic building blocks will be provided. The layout will then be fabricated and will be tested by students during the following fall semester.
Literature	S.-C. Liu et al.: Analog VLSI Circuits and Principles; software documentation.
Prerequisites / Notice	Prerequisites: Neuromorphic Engineering I strongly recommended

Selection: Biophysics, Physical Chemistry no course offering in this semester
Selection: Medical Physics
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
402-0787-00L	Therapeutic Applications of Particle Physics: Principles and Practice of Particle Therapy	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	A. J. Lomax
Abstract	Physics and medical physics aspects of particle physics Subjects: Physics interactions and beam characteristics; medical accelerators; beam delivery; pencil beam scanning; dosimetry and QA; treatment planning; precision and uncertainties; in-vivo dose verification; proton therapy biology.
Learning objective	The lecture series is focused on the physics and medical physics aspects of particle therapy. The radiotherapy of tumours using particles (particularly protons) is a rapidly expanding discipline, with many new proton and particle therapy facilities currently being planned and built throughout Europe. In this lecture series, we study in detail the physics background to particle therapy, starting from the fundamental physics interactions of particles with tissue, through to treatment delivery, treatment planning and in-vivo dose verification. The course is aimed at students with a good physics background and an interest in the application of physics to medicine.
Prerequisites / Notice	The former title of this course was "Medical Imaging and Therapeutic Applications of Particle Physics".
227-0968-00L	Monte Carlo in Medical Physics	W	4 credits	3G	M. Stampanoni, M. K. Fix
Abstract	Introduction in basics of Monte Carlo simulations in the field of medical radiation physics. General recipe for Monte Carlo simulations in medical physics from code selection to fine-tuning the implementation. Characterization of radiation by means of Monte Carlo simulations.
Learning objective	Understanding the concept of the Monte Carlo method. Getting familiar with the Monte Carlo technique, knowing different codes and several applications of this method. Learn how to use Monte Carlo in the field of applied medical radiation physics. Understand the usage of Monte Carlo to characterize the physical behaviour of ionizing radiation in medical physics. Share the enthusiasm about the potential of the Monte Carlo technique and its usefulness in an interdisciplinary environment.
Content	The lecture provides the basic principles of the Monte Carlo method in medical radiation physics. Some fundamental concepts on applications of ionizing radiation in clinical medical physics will be reviewed. Several techniques in order to increase the simulation efficiency of Monte Carlo will be discussed. A general recipe for performing Monte Carlo simulations will be compiled. This recipe will be demonstrated for typical clinical devices generating ionizing radiation, which will help to understand implementation of a Monte Carlo model. Next, more patient related effects including the estimation of the dose distribution in the patient, patient movements and imaging of the patient's anatomy. A further part of the lecture covers the simulation of radioactive sources as well as heavy ion treatment modalities. The field of verification and quality assurance procedures from the perspective of Monte Carlo simulations will be discussed. To complete the course potential future applications of Monte Carlo methods in the evolving field of treating patients with ionizing radiation.
Lecture notes	A script will be provided.
402-0342-00L	Medical Physics II	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	P. Manser
Abstract	Applications of ionizing radiation in medicine such as radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and radiation diagnostics. Theory of dosimetry based on cavity theory and clinical consequences. Fundamentals of dose calculation, optimization and evaluation. Concepts of external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy. Recent and future developments: IMRT, IGRT, SRS/SBRT, particle therapy.
Learning objective	Getting familiar with the different medical applications of ionizing radiation in the fields of radiation therapy, nuclear medicine, and radiation diagnostics. Dealing with concepts such as external beam radiation therapy as well as brachytherapy for the treatment of cancer patients. Understanding the fundamental cavity theory for dose measurements and its consequences on clinical practice. Understanding different delivery techniques such as IMRT, IGRT, SRS/SBRT, brachytherapy, particle therapy using protons, heavy ions or neutrons. Understanding the principles of dose calculation, optimization and evaluation for radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and radiation diagnostic applications. Finally, the lecture aims to demonstrate that medical physics is a fascinating and evolving discipline where physics can directly be used for the benefits of patients and the society.
Content	In this lecture, the use of ionizing radiation in different clinical applications is discussed. Primarily, we will concentrate on radiation therapy and will cover applications such as external beam radiotherapy with photons and electrons, intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), image guided radiotherapy (IGRT), stereotactic radiotherapy and radiosurgery, brachytherapy, particle therapy using protons, heavy ions or neutrons. In addition, dosimetric methods based on cavity theory are reviewed and principles of treatment planning (dose calculation, optimization and evaluation) are discussed. Next to these topics, applications in nuclear medicine and radiation diagnostics are explained with the clear focus on dosimetric concepts and behaviour.
Lecture notes	A script will be provided.
Prerequisites / Notice	It is recommended that the students have taken the lecture Medical Physics I in advance.
402-0343-00L	Physics Against Cancer: The Physics of Imaging and Treating Cancer Special Students UZH must book the module PHY361 directly at UZH.	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	A. J. Lomax, U. Schneider
Abstract	Radiotherapy is a rapidly developing and technology driven medical discipline that is heavily dependent on physics and engineering. In this lecture series, we will review and describe some of the current developments in radiotherapy, particularly from the physics and technological view point, and will indicate in which direction future research in radiotherapy will lie.
Learning objective	Radiotherapy is a rapidly developing and technology driven medical discipline that is heavily dependent on physics and engineering. In the last few years, a multitude of new techniques, equipment and technology have been introduced, all with the primary aim of more accurately targeting and treating cancerous tissues, leading to a precise, predictable and effective therapy technique. In this lecture series, we will review and describe some of the current developments in radiotherapy, particularly from the physics and technological view point, and will indicate in which direction future research in radiotherapy will lie. Our ultimate aim is to provide the student with a taste for the critical role that physics plays in this rapidly evolving discipline and to show that there is much interesting physics still to be done.
Content	The lecture series will begin with a short introduction to radiotherapy and an overview of the lecture series (lecture 1). Lecture 2 will cover the medical imaging as applied to radiotherapy, without which it would be impossible to identify or accurately calculate the deposition of radiation in the patient. This will be followed by a detailed description of the treatment planning process, whereby the distribution of deposited energy within the tumour and patient can be accurately calculated, and the optimal treatment defined (lecture 3). Lecture 4 will follow on with this theme, but concentrating on the more theoretical and mathematical techniques that can be used to evaluate different treatments, using mathematically based biological models for predicting the outcome of treatments. The role of physics modeling, in order to accurately calculate the dose deposited from radiation in the patient, will be examined in lecture 5, together with a review of mathematical tools that can be used to optimize patient treatments. Lecture 6 will investigate a rather different issue, that is the standardization of data sets for radiotherapy and the importance of medical data bases in modern therapy. In lecture 7 we will look in some detail at one of the most advanced radiotherapy delivery techniques, namely Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT). In lecture 8, the two topics of imaging and therapy will be somewhat combined, when we will describe the role of imaging in the daily set-up and assessment of patients. Lecture 9 follows up on this theme, in which a major problem of radiotherapy, namely organ motion and changes in patient and tumour geometry during therapy, will be addressed, together with methods for dealing with such problems. Finally, in lectures 10-11, we will describe in some of the multitude of different delivery techniques that are now available, including particle based therapy, rotational (tomo) therapy approaches and robot assisted radiotherapy. In the final lecture, we will provide an overview of the likely avenues of research in the next 5-10 years in radiotherapy. The course will be rounded-off with an opportunity to visit a modern radiotherapy unit, in order to see some of the techniques and delivery methods described in the course in action.
Prerequisites / Notice	Although this course is seen as being complimentary to the Medical Physics I and II course of Dr Manser, no previous knowledge of radiotherapy is necessarily expected or required for interested students who have not attended the other two courses.
402-0673-00L	Physics in Medical Research: From Humans to Cells	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	B. K. R. Müller
Abstract	The aim of this lecture series is to introduce the role of physics in state-of-the-art medical research and clinical practice. Topics to be covered range from applications of physics in medical implant technology and tissue engineering, through imaging technology, to its role in interventional and non-interventional therapies.
Learning objective	The lecture series is focused on applying knowledge from physics in diagnosis, planning, and therapy close to clinical practice and fundamental medical research. Beside a general overview, the lectures give a deep insight into a very few selected techniques, which will help the students to apply the knowledge to a broad range of related techniques. In particular, the lectures will elucidate the physics behind the X-ray imaging currently used in clinical environment and contemporary high-resolution developments. It is the goal to visualize and quantify (sub-)microstructures of human tissues and implants as well as their interface. Ultrasound is not only used for diagnostic purposes but includes therapeutic approaches such as the control of the blood-brain barrier under MR-guidance. Physicists in medicine are working on modeling and simulation. Based on the vascular structure in cancerous and healthy tissues, the characteristic approaches in computational physics to develop strategies against cancer are presented. In order to deliberately destroy cancerous tissue, heat can be supplied or extracted in different manner: cryotherapy (heat conductivity in anisotropic, viscoelastic environment), radiofrequency treatment (single and multi-probe), laser application, and proton therapy. Medical implants play an important role to take over well-defined tasks within the human body. Although biocompatibility is here of crucial importance, the term is insufficiently understood. The aim of the lectures is the understanding of biocompatibility performing well-defined experiments in vitro and in vivo. Dealing with different classes of materials (metals, ceramics, polymers) the influence of surface modifications (morphology and surface coatings) are key issues for implant developments, which might be bio-inspired. Mechanical stimuli can drastically influence soft and hard tissue behavior. The students should realize that a physiological window exists, where a positive tissue response is expected and how the related parameter including strain, frequency, and resting periods can be selected and optimized for selected tissues such as bone. For the treatment of severe incontinence, we are developing artificial smart muscles. The students should have a critical look at promising solutions and the selection procedure as well as realize the time-consuming and complex way to clinical practice. The course will be completed by relating the numerous examples and a common round of questions.
Content	This lecture series will cover the following topics: Introduction: Imaging the human body down to individual cells and beyond Development of artificial muscles for incontinence treatment X-ray-based computed tomography in clinics and related medical research High-resolution micro computed tomography Phase tomography using hard X-rays in biomedical research Metal-based implants and scaffolds Natural and synthetic ceramics for implants and regenerative medicine Biomedical simulations Polymers for medical implants From open surgery to non-invasive interventions - Physical approaches in medical imaging Dental research Focused Ultrasound and its clinical use Applying physics in medicine: Benefitting patients
Lecture notes	http://www.bmc.unibas.ch/education/ETH_Zurich.phtml login and password to be provided during the lecture
Prerequisites / Notice	Students from other departments are very welcome to join and gain insight into a variety of sophisticated techniques for the benefit of patients. No special knowledge is required. Nevertheless, gaps in basic physical knowledge will require additional efforts.

Selection: Environmental Physics
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
701-1216-00L	Numerical Modelling of Weather and Climate	W	4 credits	3G	C. Schär, J. Vergara Temprado, M. Wild
Abstract	The course provides an introduction to weather and climate models. It discusses how these models are built addressing both the dynamical core and the physical parameterizations, and it provides an overview of how these models are used in numerical weather prediction and climate research. As a tutorial, students conduct a term project and build a simple atmospheric model using the language PYTHON.
Learning objective	At the end of this course, students understand how weather and climate models are formulated from the governing physical principles, and how they are used for climate and weather prediction purposes.
Content	The course provides an introduction into the following themes: numerical methods (finite differences and spectral methods); adiabatic formulation of atmospheric models (vertical coordinates, hydrostatic approximation); parameterization of physical processes (e.g. clouds, convection, boundary layer, radiation); atmospheric data assimilation and weather prediction; predictability (chaos-theory, ensemble methods); climate models (coupled atmospheric, oceanic and biogeochemical models); climate prediction. Hands-on experience with simple models will be acquired in the tutorials.
Lecture notes	Slides and lecture notes will be made available at Link
Literature	List of literature will be provided.
Prerequisites / Notice	Prerequisites: to follow this course, you need some basic background in atmospheric science, numerical methods (e.g., "Numerische Methoden in der Umweltphysik", 701-0461-00L) as well as experience in programming. Previous experience with PYTHON is useful but not required.
151-0110-00L	Compressible Flows	W	4 credits	2V + 1U	T. Rösgen
Abstract	Topics: unsteady one-dimensional subsonic and supersonic flows, acoustics, sound propagation, supersonic flows with shocks and Prandtl-Meyer expansions, flow around slender bodies, shock tubes, reaction fronts (deflagration and detonation). Mathematical tools: method of characteristics and selected numerical methods.
Learning objective	Illustration of compressible flow phenomena and introduction to the corresponding mathematical description methods.
Content	The interaction of compressibility and inertia is responsible for wave generation in a fluid. The compressibility plays an important role for example in unsteady phenomena, such as oscillations in gas pipelines or exhaust pipes. Compressibility effects are also important in steady subsonic flows with high Mach numbers (M>0.3) and in supersonic flows (e.g. aeronautics, turbomachinery). The first part of the lecture deals with wave propagation phenomena in one-dimensional subsonic and supersonic flows. The discussion includes waves with small amplitudes in an acoustic approximation and waves with large amplitudes with possible shock formation. The second part deals with plane, steady supersonic flows. Slender bodies in a parallel flow are considered as small perturbations of the flow and can be treated by means of acoustic methods. The description of the two-dimensional supersonic flow around bodies with arbitrary shapes includes oblique shocks and Prandtl-Meyer expansions etc.. Various boundary conditions, which are imposed for example by walls or free-jet boundaries, and interactions, reflections etc. are taken into account.
Lecture notes	not available
Literature	a list of recommended textbooks is handed out at the beginning of the lecture.
Prerequisites / Notice	prerequisites: Fluiddynamics I and II
701-1244-00L	Aerosols II: Applications in Environment and Technology	W	4 credits	2V + 1U	M. Gysel Beer, D. Bell, J. Slowik
Abstract	The life-cycle of atmospheric aerosols, the evolution of their physical and chemical properties, and their impacts on climate, atmospheric chemistry and health are studied in detail using examples from current research.
Learning objective	The students achieve a profound knowledge of atmospheric aerosols and their climate and health impacts including the underlying physical and chemical processes. The students know and understand advanced experimental methods and are able to design experiments to study aforementioned impacts and processes.
Content	Atmospheric aerosols: important sources and sinks, wet and dry deposition, chemical composition and transformation processes, importance for men and environment, interaction with the gas phase, influence on health and climate.
Lecture notes	Information is distributed during the lectures
Literature	Seinfeld, J.H. and Pandis, S.N., Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change. 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, 2016.
Prerequisites / Notice	This course build up on the lecture "Aerosols I: Physical and Chemical Principles"
701-1264-00L	Atmospheric Physics Lab Work Number of participants limited to 18. Target grous are: MSc Atmospheric and Climate Science, MSc Interdisciplinary Sciences, MSc Physics, MSc Environmental Sciences.	W	2.5 credits	5P	Z. A. Kanji
Abstract	Experiments covering atmospheric physics, meteorology, and aeerosol physics which will be performed in the lab and partly outdoors.
Learning objective	This course delivers inisghts into various aspects of atmospheric physics. These will be acquired within individual experiments which cover the following topics: Wind and movement of air parcels, evaporation and cooling depending on wind velocity (wind chill), the analysis of particulate matter (aerosol particles), and their influence on the solar radiation that reaches the earth.
Content	Details about the course are available on the web page (cf. link).
Lecture notes	Experiment instructions can be found on the Atmospheric physics lab work web page.
Prerequisites / Notice	Three out of four available experiments must be carried out. The experiments are conducted in groups of 2 (or 3). There will be three introduction lectures of 2 hours each in the beginning of the semester to familiarise students with the topics covered and report writing process. The introduction lectures will take place on Mondays March 1, March 15 and March 29 from 10-12 hours in CHN L17.1
651-1504-00L	Snowcover: Physics and Modelling	W	4 credits	3G	M. Schneebeli, H. Löwe
Abstract	Snow is a fascinating high-temperature material and relevant for applications in glaciology, hydrology, atmospheric sciences, polar climatology, remote sensing and natural hazards. This course introduces key concepts and underlying physical principles of snow, ranging from individual crystals to polar ice sheets.
Learning objective	The course aims at a cross-disciplinary overview about the phenomenology of relevant processes in the snow cover, traditional and advanced experimental methods for snow measurements and theoretical foundations with key equations required for snow modeling. Tutorials and short presentations will also consider the bigger picture of snow physics with respect to climatology, hydrology and earth science.
Content	The lectures will treat snow formation, crystal growth, snow microstructure, metamorphism, ice physics, snow mechanics, heat and mass transport in the snowcover, surface energy balance, snow models, wind transport, snow chemistry, electromagnetic properties, experimental techniques. The tutorials include a demonstration/exercise part and a presentation part. The demonstration/exercise part consolidates key subjects of the lecture by means of small data sets, mathematical toy models, order of magnitude estimates, image analysis and visualization, small simulation examples, etc. The presentation part comprises short presentations (about 15 min) based on selected papers in the subject. First practical experience with modern methods measuring snow properties can be acquired in a field excursion.
Lecture notes	Lecture notes and selected publications.
Prerequisites / Notice	We strongly recommend the field excursion to Davos on Saturday, March 14, 2020, in Davos. We will demonstrate traditional and modern field-techniques (snow profile, Near-infrared photography, SnowMicroPen) and you will have the chance to use the instruments yourself. The excursion includes a visit of the SLF cold laboratories with the micro-tomography setup and the snowmaker.
701-1232-00L	Radiation and Climate Change	W	3 credits	2G	M. Wild
Abstract	This lecture focuses on the prominent role of radiation in the energy balance of the Earth and in the context of past and future climate change.
Learning objective	The aim of this course is to develop a thorough understanding of the fundamental role of radiation in the context of Earth's energy balance and climate change.
Content	The course will cover the following topics: Basic radiation laws; sun-earth relations; the sun as driver of climate change (faint sun paradox, Milankovic ice age theory, solar cycles); radiative forcings in the atmosphere: aerosol, water vapour, clouds; radiation balance of the Earth (satellite and surface observations, modeling approaches); anthropogenic perturbation of the Earth radiation balance: greenhouse gases and enhanced greenhouse effect, air pollution and global dimming; radiation-induced feedbacks in the climate system (water vapour feedback, snow albedo feedback); climate model scenarios under various radiative forcings.
Lecture notes	Slides will be made available
Literature	As announced in the course
701-1270-00L	High Performance Computing for Weather and Climate	W	3 credits	3G	O. Fuhrer
Abstract	State-of-the-art weather and climate simulations rely on large and complex software running on supercomputers. This course focuses on programming methods and tools for understanding, developing and optimizing the computational aspects of weather and climate models. Emphasis will be placed on the foundations of parallel computing, practical exercises and emerging trends such as using GPUs.
Learning objective	After attending this course, students will be able to: - Understand a broad variety of high performance computing concepts relevant for weather and climate simulations - Work with weather and climate simulation codes that run on large supercomputers
Content	HPC Overview: - Why does weather and climate require HPC? - Today's HPC: Beowulf-style clusters, massively parallel architectures, hybrid computing, accelerators - Scaling / Parallel efficiency - Algorithmic motifs in weather and climate Writing HPC code: - Data locality and single node efficiency - Shared memory parallelism with OpenMP - Distributed memory parallelism with MPI - GPU computing - High-level programming and domain-specific languages
Literature	- Introduction to High Performance Computing for Scientists and Engineers, G. Hager and G. Wellein, CRC Press, 2011 - Computer Organization and Design, D.H. Patterson and J.L. Hennessy - Parallel Computing, A. Grama, A. Gupta, G. Karypis, V. Kumar (https://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~karypis/parbook/) - Parallel Programming in MPI and OpenMP, V. Eijkhout (http://pages.tacc.utexas.edu/~eijkhout/pcse/html/index.html)
Prerequisites / Notice	- fundamentals of numerical analysis and atmospheric modeling - basic experience in a programming language (C/C++, Fortran, Python, …) - experience using command line interfaces in *nix environments (e.g., Unix, Linux)

Selection: Mathematics
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
401-3532-08L	Differential Geometry II	W	10 credits	4V + 1U	W. Merry
Abstract	This is a continuation course of Differential Geometry I. Topics covered include: - Connections and curvature, - Riemannian geometry, - Gauge theory and Chern-Weil theory.
Learning objective
Lecture notes	I will produce full lecture notes, available on my website: https://www.merry.io/courses/differential-geometry/
Literature	There are many excellent textbooks on differential geometry. A friendly and readable book that contains everything covered in Differential Geometry I is: John M. Lee "Introduction to Smooth Manifolds" 2nd ed. (2012) Springer-Verlag. For Differential Geometry II, the textbooks: - S. Kobayashi, K. Nomizu "Foundations of Differential Geometry" Volume I (1963) Wiley, - I. Chavel, "Riemannian Geometry: A Modern Introduction" 2nd ed. (2006), CUP, are both excellent. The monograph - A. L. Besse "Einstein Manifolds", (1987), Springer, gives a comprehensive overview of the entire field, although it is extremely advanced. (By the end of the course you should be able to read this book.)
Prerequisites / Notice	Familiarity with all the material from Differential Geometry I will be assumed (smooth manifolds, Lie groups, vector bundles, differential forms, integration on manifolds, principal bundles and so on). Lecture notes for Differential Geometry I can be found on my website.
401-3462-00L	Functional Analysis II	W	10 credits	4V + 1U	A. Carlotto
Abstract	Sobolev spaces, weak solutions of elliptic boundary value problems, basic results in elliptic regularity theory (including Schauder estimates), maximum principles.
Learning objective	Acquire fluency with Sobolev spaces and weak derivatives on the one hand, and basic elliptic regularity on the other. Apply these methods for studying elliptic boundary value problems.
Literature	Michael Struwe. Funktionalanalysis I und II. Lecture notes, ETH Zürich, 2013/14. Haim Brezis. Functional analysis, Sobolev spaces and partial differential equations. Universitext. Springer, New York, 2011. Luigi Ambrosio, Alessandro Carlotto, Annalisa Massaccesi. Lectures on elliptic partial differential equations. Springer - Edizioni della Normale, Pisa, 2018. David Gilbarg, Neil Trudinger. Elliptic partial differential equations of second order. Classics in Mathematics. Springer, Berlin, 2001. Qing Han, Fanghua Lin. Elliptic partial differential equations. Second edition. Courant Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1. Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York; American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2011. Michael Taylor. Partial differential equations I. Basic theory. Second edition. Applied Mathematical Sciences, 115. Springer, New York, 2011. Lars Hörmander. The analysis of linear partial differential operators. I. Distribution theory and Fourier analysis. Classics in Mathematics. Springer, Berlin, 2003.
Prerequisites / Notice	Functional Analysis I plus a solid background in measure theory, Lebesgue integration and L^p spaces.
401-0674-00L	Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations Not meant for BSc/MSc students of mathematics.	W	10 credits	2G + 2U + 2P + 4A	R. Hiptmair
Abstract	Derivation, properties, and implementation of fundamental numerical methods for a few key partial differential equations: convection-diffusion, heat equation, wave equation, conservation laws. Implementation in C++ based on a finite element library.
Learning objective	Main skills to be acquired in this course: * Ability to implement fundamental numerical methods for the solution of partial differential equations efficiently. * Ability to modify and adapt numerical algorithms guided by awareness of their mathematical foundations. * Ability to select and assess numerical methods in light of the predictions of theory * Ability to identify features of a PDE (= partial differential equation) based model that are relevant for the selection and performance of a numerical algorithm. * Ability to understand research publications on theoretical and practical aspects of numerical methods for partial differential equations. * Skills in the efficient implementation of finite element methods on unstructured meshes. This course is neither a course on the mathematical foundations and numerical analysis of methods nor an course that merely teaches recipes and how to apply software packages.
Content	1 Second-Order Scalar Elliptic Boundary Value Problems 1.2 Equilibrium Models: Examples 1.3 Sobolev spaces 1.4 Linear Variational Problems 1.5 Equilibrium Models: Boundary Value Problems 1.6 Diffusion Models (Stationary Heat Conduction) 1.7 Boundary Conditions 1.8 Second-Order Elliptic Variational Problems 1.9 Essential and Natural Boundary Conditions 2 Finite Element Methods (FEM) 2.2 Principles of Galerkin Discretization 2.3 Case Study: Linear FEM for Two-Point Boundary Value Problems 2.4 Case Study: Triangular Linear FEM in Two Dimensions 2.5 Building Blocks of General Finite Element Methods 2.6 Lagrangian Finite Element Methods 2.7 Implementation of Finite Element Methods 2.7.1 Mesh Generation and Mesh File Format 2.7.2 Mesh Information and Mesh Data Structures 2.7.2.1 L EHR FEM++ Mesh: Container Layer 2.7.2.2 L EHR FEM++ Mesh: Topology Layer 2.7.2.3 L EHR FEM++ Mesh: Geometry Layer 2.7.3 Vectors and Matrices 2.7.4 Assembly Algorithms 2.7.4.1 Assembly: Localization 2.7.4.2 Assembly: Index Mappings 2.7.4.3 Distribute Assembly Schemes 2.7.4.4 Assembly: Linear Algebra Perspective 2.7.5 Local Computations 2.7.5.1 Analytic Formulas for Entries of Element Matrices 2.7.5.2 Local Quadrature 2.7.6 Treatment of Essential Boundary Conditions 2.8 Parametric Finite Element Methods 3 FEM: Convergence and Accuracy 3.1 Abstract Galerkin Error Estimates 3.2 Empirical (Asymptotic) Convergence of Lagrangian FEM 3.3 A Priori (Asymptotic) Finite Element Error Estimates 3.4 Elliptic Regularity Theory 3.5 Variational Crimes 3.6 FEM: Duality Techniques for Error Estimation 3.7 Discrete Maximum Principle 3.8 Validation and Debugging of Finite Element Codes 4 Beyond FEM: Alternative Discretizations [dropped] 5 Non-Linear Elliptic Boundary Value Problems [dropped] 6 Second-Order Linear Evolution Problems 6.1 Time-Dependent Boundary Value Problems 6.2 Parabolic Initial-Boundary Value Problems 6.3 Linear Wave Equations 7 Convection-Diffusion Problems [dropped] 8 Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws 8.1 Conservation Laws: Examples 8.2 Scalar Conservation Laws in 1D 8.3 Conservative Finite Volume (FV) Discretization 8.4 Timestepping for Finite-Volume Methods 8.5 Higher-Order Conservative Finite-Volume Schemes
Lecture notes	The lecture will be taught in flipped classroom format: - Video tutorials for all thematic units will be published online. - Tablet notes accompanying the videos will be made available to the audience as PDF. - A comprehensive lecture document will cover all aspects of the course.
Literature	Chapters of the following books provide supplementary reading (detailed references in course material): * D. Braess: Finite Elemente, Theorie, schnelle Löser und Anwendungen in der Elastizitätstheorie, Springer 2007 (available online). * S. Brenner and R. Scott. Mathematical theory of finite element methods, Springer 2008 (available online). * A. Ern and J.-L. Guermond. Theory and Practice of Finite Elements, volume 159 of Applied Mathematical Sciences. Springer, New York, 2004. * Ch. Großmann and H.-G. Roos: Numerical Treatment of Partial Differential Equations, Springer 2007. * W. Hackbusch. Elliptic Differential Equations. Theory and Numerical Treatment, volume 18 of Springer Series in Computational Mathematics. Springer, Berlin, 1992. * P. Knabner and L. Angermann. Numerical Methods for Elliptic and Parabolic Partial Differential Equations, volume 44 of Texts in Applied Mathematics. Springer, Heidelberg, 2003. * S. Larsson and V. Thomée. Partial Differential Equations with Numerical Methods, volume 45 of Texts in Applied Mathematics. Springer, Heidelberg, 2003. * R. LeVeque. Finite Volume Methods for Hyperbolic Problems. Cambridge Texts in Applied Mathematics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2002. However, study of supplementary literature is not important for for following the course.
Prerequisites / Notice	Mastery of basic calculus and linear algebra is taken for granted. Familiarity with fundamental numerical methods (solution methods for linear systems of equations, interpolation, approximation, numerical quadrature, numerical integration of ODEs) is essential. Important: Coding skills and experience in C++ are essential. Homework assignments involve substantial coding, partly based on a C++ finite element library. The written examination will be computer based and will comprise coding tasks.
401-4816-21L	Mathematical Aspects of Classical and Quantum Field Theory	W	8 credits	4V	M. Schiavina, University lecturers
Abstract	The course will cover foundational topics in classical and quantum field theory from a mathematical standpoint. Starting from the example of classical mechanics, the relevant mathematical foundations that are necessary for a rigorous approach to field theory will be provided.
Learning objective	The objective of this course is to expose master and graduate students in mathematics and physics to the mathematical foundations of classical and quantum field theory. The course will provide a solid mathematical foundation to essential topics in classical and quantum field theories, both useful to mathematics master and graduate students with an interest but no previous background in QFT, as well as for physics master and graduate students who want to focus on more formal aspects of field theory.
Content	Abstract (long version) The course will cover foundational topics in classical and quantum field theory from a mathematical standpoint. Starting from the example of classical mechanics, the relevant mathematical foundations that are necessary for a rigorous approach to field theory will be provided. The course will feature relevant instances of field theories and sigma models, and it will provide a first introduction the the concepts of quantisation, from mechanics to field theory. Using scalar field theory and quantum electrodynamics as guideline, the course will present an overview of quantum field theory, focusing on its more mathematical aspects, including, if time permits, a modern approach to gauge theories and the renormalisation group. Content The course will start with an overview of geometric concepts that will be used throughout, such as graded differential geometry, as well as fiber and vector bundles. After brief review of classical mechanics, interpreted as a first example of a field theory, a thorough discussion of classical, local, Lagrangian field theory will follow, covering topics such as Noether’s Theorems, local and global symmetries. We will then present and discuss a number of examples from gauge theory. In the second part of the course, quantisation will be discussed. The main examples of the scalar field and electrodynamics will be used as a guideline for more general considerations on the quantisation of more general and involved field theories. In the last part of the course, we plan the discussion of modern approaches to quantisation of field theories with symmetries, renormalisation, and of the open challenges that arise.

Selection: Electives at the University of Zurich University of Zurich lecturers explicitly recommended the following courses also to physics students at ETH Zurich. Recognition of the corresponding external ECTS credits has to be granted by the Director of Studies. Submit your request to the Study Administration (www.phys.ethz.ch/studies/study-administration.html).
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
402-0752-00L	Experimental Astro Particle Physics (University of Zurich) Does not take place this semester. No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH. UZH Module Code: PHY465 Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH: https://www.uzh.ch/cmsssl/en/studies/application/deadlines.html	W	6 credits	2V + 2U	University lecturers
Abstract
Learning objective
402-0770-00L	Physics with Muons: From Atomic to Solid State Physics (University of Zurich) No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH. UZH Module Code: PHY432 Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH: https://www.uzh.ch/cmsssl/en/studies/application/deadlines.html	W	6 credits	2V + 1U	University lecturers
Abstract	Introduction and overview of muon science. Particularly, the use of polarized muons as microscopic magnetic probes in condensed matter physics will be presented (Muon spin rotation and relaxation techniques, muSR). Examples of recent research results in magnetism, superconductivity, semiconductors, thin film and heterostructures.
Learning objective	Basic understanding of the use of muons as microscopic magnetic micro probes of matter. Theory and examples of muon spin precession and relaxation (muSR) in various materials. Selected examples in magnetism, superconductivity, semiconductor physics and investigations of heterostructures. Determination of fundamental constants and atomic spectroscopy with muons. The lecture is a useful introduction for people interested in a Bachelor/Master thesis in muSR research at the Paul Scherrer Institute.
Content	Introduction: Muon characteristics. Generation of muon beams Particle physics aspects: Muon decay, measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly Hyperfine interaction, muonium spectroscopy Fundamentals of muon spin rotation/relaxation and resonance. Static and dynamic spin relaxation. Applications in magnetism: local magnetic fields, phase transitions, spin-glass dynamics. Applications in superconductivity: determination of magnetic penetration depths and coherence length, phase diagram of HTc superconductors, dynamics of the vortex state Hydrogen states in semiconductors Thin film and surface studies with low energy muons.
Lecture notes	Lecture notes in English are distributed at the beginning. see also http://www.psi.ch/lmu/lectures
Literature	http://www.psi.ch/lmu/EducationLecturesEN/Literature.pdf
Prerequisites / Notice	Lecture can also be given in English.

General Electives Students may choose General Electives from the entire course programme of ETH Zurich - with the following restrictions: courses that belong to the first or second year of a Bachelor curriculum at ETH Zurich as well as courses from GESS "Science in Perspective" are not eligible here. The following courses are explicitly recommended to physics students by their lecturers. (Courses in this list may be assigned to the category "General Electives" directly in myStudies. For the category assignment of other eligible courses keep the choice "no category" and take contact with the Study Administration (www.phys.ethz.ch/studies/study-administration.html) after having received the credits.)
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
227-1046-00L	Computer Simulations of Sensory Systems	W	3 credits	3G	T. Haslwanter
Abstract	This course deals with computer simulations of the human auditory, visual, and balance system. The lecture will cover the physiological and mechanical mechanisms of these sensory systems. And in the exercises, the simulations will be implemented with Python. The simulations will be such that their output could be used as input for actual neuro-sensory prostheses.
Learning objective	Our sensory systems provide us with information about what is happening in the world surrounding us. Thereby they transform incoming mechanical, electromagnetic, and chemical signals into “action potentials”, the language of the central nervous system. The main goal of this lecture is to describe how our sensors achieve these transformations, how they can be reproduced with computational tools. For example, our auditory system performs approximately a “Fourier transformation” of the incoming sound waves; our early visual system is optimized for finding edges in images that are projected onto our retina; and our balance system can be well described with a “control system” that transforms linear and rotational movements into nerve impulses. In the exercises that go with this lecture, we will use Python to reproduce the transformations achieved by our sensory systems. The goal is to write programs whose output could be used as input for actual neurosensory prostheses: such prostheses have become commonplace for the auditory system, and are under development for the visual and the balance system. For the corresponding exercises, at least some basic programing experience is required!!
Content	The following topics will be covered: • Introduction into the signal processing in nerve cells. • Introduction into Python. • Simplified simulation of nerve cells (Hodgkins-Huxley model). • Description of the auditory system, including the application of Fourier transforms on recorded sounds. • Description of the visual system, including the retina and the information processing in the visual cortex. The corresponding exercises will provide an introduction to digital image processing. • Description of the mechanics of our balance system, and the “Control System”-language that can be used for an efficient description of the corresponding signal processing (essentially Laplace transforms and control systems).
Lecture notes	For each module additional material will be provided on the e-learning platform "moodle". The main content of the lecture is also available as a wikibook, under http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Sensory_Systems
Literature	Open source information is available as wikibook http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Sensory_Systems For good overviews of the neuroscience, I recommend: • Principles of Neural Science (5th Ed, 2012), by Eric Kandel, James Schwartz, Thomas Jessell, Steven Siegelbaum, A.J. Hudspeth ISBN 0071390111 / 9780071390118 THE standard textbook on neuroscience. NOTE: The 6th edition will be released on February 5, 2021! • L. R. Squire, D. Berg, F. E. Bloom, Lac S. du, A. Ghosh, and N. C. Spitzer. Fundamental Neuroscience, Academic Press - Elsevier, 2012 [ISBN: 9780123858702]. This book covers the biological components, from the functioning of an individual ion channels through the various senses, all the way to consciousness. And while it does not cover the computational aspects, it nevertheless provides an excellent overview of the underlying neural processes of sensory systems. • G. Mather. Foundations of Sensation and Perception, 2nd Ed Psychology Press, 2009 [ISBN: 978-1-84169-698-0 (hardcover), oder 978-1-84169-699-7 (paperback)] A coherent, up-to-date introduction to the basic facts and theories concerning human sensory perception. • The best place to get started with Python programming are the https://scipy-lectures.org/ On signal processing with Python, my upcoming book • Hands-on Signal Analysis with Python (Due: January 13, 2021 ISBN 978-3-030-57902-9, https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030579029) will contain an explanation to all the required programming tools and packages.
Prerequisites / Notice	• Since I have to gravel from Linz, Austria, to Zurich to give this lecture, I plan to hold this lecture in blocks (every 2nd week). • In addition to the lectures, this course includes external lab visits to institutes actively involved in research on the relevant sensory systems.
465-0952-00L	Biomedical Photonics	W	3 credits	2V	M. Frenz
Abstract	The lecture introduces the principles of light generation, light propagation in tissue and detection of light and its therapeutic and diagnostic application in medicine.
Learning objective	The students are expected to aquire a basic understanding of the fundamental physical principles within biomedical photonics. In particular, they will develop a broad skill set for research in fundamentals of light-tissue interaction, technologies such as microscopy, lasers and fiber optics and issues related to light applications in therapeutics and diagnostics in medicine.
Content	Optics always was strongly connected to the observation and interpretation of physiological phenomenon. The basic knowledge of optics for example was initially gained by studying the function of the human eye. Nowadays, biomedical optics is an independent research field that is no longer restricted to the observation of physiological processes but studies diagnostic and therapeutic problems in medicine. A basic prerequisite for applying optical techniques in medicine is the understanding of the physical properties of light, the light propagation in and its interaction with tissue. The lecture gives inside into the generation, propagation and detection of light, its propagation in tissue and into selected optical applications in medicine. Various optical imaging techniques (optical coherence tomography or optoacoustics) as well as therapeutic laser applications (refractive surgery, photodynamic therapy or nanosurgery) will be discussed.
Lecture notes	will be provided via Internet (Ilias)
Literature	- M. Born, E. Wolf, "Principles of Optics", Pergamon Press - B.E.A. Saleh, M.C. Teich, "Fundamentals of Photonics", John Wiley and Sons, Inc. - O. Svelto, "Principles of Lasers", Plenum Press - J. Eichler, T. Seiler, "Lasertechnik in der Medizin", Springer Verlag - M.H. Niemz, "Laser-Tissue Interaction", Springer Verlag - A.J. Welch, M.J.C. van Gemert, "Optical-thermal response of laser-irradiated tissue", Plenum Press
Prerequisites / Notice	Language of instruction: English This is the same course unit (465-0952-00L) with former course title "Medical Optics".
151-0160-00L	Nuclear Energy Systems	W	4 credits	2V + 1U	H.‑M. Prasser, P. Burgherr, I. Günther-Leopold, W. Hummel, T. Kämpfer, T. Kober, X. Zhang
Abstract	Nuclear energy and sustainability, uranium production, uranium enrichment, nuclear fuel production, reprocessing of spent fuel, nuclear waste disposal, Life Cycle Analysis, energy and materials balance of Nuclear Power Plants.
Learning objective	Students get an overview on the physical and chemical fundamentals, the technological processes and the environmental impact of the full energy conversion chain of nuclear power generation. The are enabled to assess to potentials and risks arising from embedding nuclear power in a complex energy system.
Content	(1) survey on the cosmic and geological origin of uranium, methods of uranium mining, separation of uranium from the ore, (2) enrichment of uranium (diffusion cells, ultra-centrifuges, alternative methods), chemical conversion uranium oxid - fluorid - oxid, fuel rod fabrication processes, (3) fuel reprocessing (hydrochemical, pyrochemical) including modern developments of deep partitioning as well as methods to treat and minimize the amount and radiotoxicity of nuclear waste. (4) nuclear waste disposal, waste categories and origin, geological and engineered barriers in deep geological repositories, the project of a deep geological disposal for radioactive waste in Switzerland, (5) methods to measure the sustainability of energy systems, comparison of nuclear energy with other energy sources, environmental impact of the nuclear energy system as a whole, including the question of CO2 emissions, CO2 reduction costs, radioactive releases from the power plant, the fuel chain and the final disposal. The material balance of different fuel cycles with thermal and fast reactors isdiscussed.
Lecture notes	Lecture slides will be distributed as handouts and in digital form
151-0156-00L	Safety of Nuclear Power Plants	W	4 credits	2V + 1U	H.‑M. Prasser, V. Dang, L. Podofillini
Abstract	Knowledge about safety concepts and requirements of nuclear power plants and their implementation in deterministic safety concepts and safety systems. Knowledge about behavior under accident conditions and about the methods of probabilistic risk analysis and how to handle results. Introduction into key elements of the enhanced safety of nuclear systems for the future.
Learning objective	Deep understanding of safety requirements, concepts and system of nuclear power plants, knowledge of deterministic and probabilistic methods for safety analysis, aspects of nuclear safety research, licensing of nuclear power plant operation. Overview on key elements of the enhanced safety of nuclear systems for the future.
Content	(1) Introduction into the specific safety issues of nuclear power plants, main facts of health effects of ionizing radiation, defense in depth approach. (2) Reactor protection and reactivity control, reactivity induced accidents (RIA). (3) Loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCA), emergency core cooling systems. (4) Short introduction into severe accidents (Beyond Design Base Accidents, BDBA). (5) Probabilistic risk analysis (PRA level 1,2,3). (6) Passive safety systems. (7) Safety of innovative reactor concepts.
Lecture notes	Script: Hand-outs of lecture slides will be distributed Audio recording of lectures will be provided Script "Short introduction into basics of nuclear power"
Literature	S. Glasston & A. Sesonke: Nuclear Reactor Engineering, Reactor System Engineering, Ed. 4, Vol. 2., Chapman & Hall, NY, 1994
Prerequisites / Notice	Prerequisites: Recommended in advance (not binding): 151-0163-00L Nuclear Energy Conversion
151-0166-00L	Physics of Nuclear Reactor II	W	4 credits	3G	K. Mikityuk, A. Pautz, S. Pelloni
Abstract	Reactor physics calculations for assessing the performance and safety of nuclear power plants are, in practice, carried out using large computer codes simulating different key phenomena. This course provides a basis for understanding state-of-the-art calculational methodologies in the above context.
Learning objective	Students are introduced to advanced methods of reactor physics analysis for nuclear power plants.
Content	Cross-sections preparation. Slowing down theory. Differential form of the neutron transport equation and method of discrete ordinates (Sn). Integral form of the neutron transport equation and method of characteristics. Method of Monte-Carlo. Modeling of fuel depletion. Lattice calculations and cross-section parametrization. Modeling of full core neutronics using nodal methods. Modeling of feedbacks from fuel behavior and thermal hydraulics. Point and spatial reactor kinetics. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis.
Lecture notes	Hand-outs will be provided on the website.
Literature	Chapters from various text books on Reactor Theory, etc.
151-1906-00L	Multiphase Flows	W	4 credits	3G	F. Coletti
Abstract	Introduction to fluid flows with multiple interacting phases. The emphasis is on regimes where a dispersed phase is carried by a continuous one: e.g., particles, bubbles and droplets suspended in gas or liquid flows, laminar or turbulent. The flow physics is put in the context of natural, biological, and industrial problems.
Learning objective	The main learning objectives are: - identify multiphase flow regimes and relevant non-dimensional parameters - distinguish spatio-temporal scales at play for each phase - quantify mutual coupling between different phases - apply fundamental principles in complex real-world flows - combine insight from theory, experiments, and numerics
Content	Single particle and multi-particle dynamics in laminar and turbulent flows; basics of suspension rheology; effects of surface tension on the formation, evolution and motion of bubbles and droplets; free-surface flows and wind-wave interaction; imaging techniques and modeling approaches.
Lecture notes	Lecture slides are made available.
Literature	Suggested readings are provided for each topic.
Prerequisites / Notice	Fundamental knowledge of fluid dynamics is essential.
151-0530-00L	Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos II	W	4 credits	4G	G. Haller
Abstract	The internal structure of chaos; Hamiltonian dynamical systems; Normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds; Geometric singular perturbation theory; Finite-time dynamical systems
Learning objective	The course introduces the student to advanced, comtemporary concepts of nonlinear dynamical systems analysis.
Content	I. The internal structure of chaos: symbolic dynamics, Bernoulli shift map, sub-shifts of finite type; chaos is numerical iterations. II.Hamiltonian dynamical systems: conservation and recurrence, stability of fixed points, integrable systems, invariant tori, Liouville-Arnold-Jost Theorem, KAM theory. III. Normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds: Crash course on differentiable manifolds, existence, persistence, and smoothness, applications. IV. Geometric singular perturbation theory: slow manifolds and their stability, physical examples. V. Finite-time dynamical system; detecting Invariant manifolds and coherent structures in finite-time flows
Lecture notes	Students have to prepare their own lecture notes
Literature	Books will be recommended in class
Prerequisites / Notice	Nonlinear Dynamics I (151-0532-00) or equivalent
151-0116-10L	High Performance Computing for Science and Engineering (HPCSE) for Engineers II	W	4 credits	4G	P. Koumoutsakos, S. M. Martin
Abstract	This course focuses on programming methods and tools for parallel computing on multi and many-core architectures. Emphasis will be placed on practical and computational aspects of Uncertainty Quantification and Propagation including the implementation of relevant algorithms on HPC architectures.
Learning objective	The course will teach - programming models and tools for multi and many-core architectures - fundamental concepts of Uncertainty Quantification and Propagation (UQ+P) for computational models of systems in Engineering and Life Sciences
Content	High Performance Computing: - Advanced topics in shared-memory programming - Advanced topics in MPI - GPU architectures and CUDA programming Uncertainty Quantification: - Uncertainty quantification under parametric and non-parametric modeling uncertainty - Bayesian inference with model class assessment - Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation
Lecture notes	https://www.cse-lab.ethz.ch/teaching/hpcse-ii_fs21/ Class notes, handouts
Literature	- Class notes - Introduction to High Performance Computing for Scientists and Engineers, G. Hager and G. Wellein - CUDA by example, J. Sanders and E. Kandrot - Data Analysis: A Bayesian Tutorial, D. Sivia and J. Skilling - An introduction to Bayesian Analysis - Theory and Methods, J. Gosh, N. Delampady and S. Tapas - Bayesian Data Analysis, A. Gelman, J. Carlin, H. Stern, D. Dunson, A. Vehtari and D. Rubin - Machine Learning: A Bayesian and Optimization Perspective, S. Theodorides
Prerequisites / Notice	Students must be familiar with the content of High Performance Computing for Science and Engineering I (151-0107-20L)
227-0161-00L	Molecular and Materials Modelling	W	4 credits	2V + 2U	D. Passerone, C. Pignedoli
Abstract	The course introduces the basic techniques to interpret experiments with contemporary atomistic simulation, including force fields or ab initio based molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo. Structural and electronic properties will be simulated hands-on for realistic systems. The modern methods of "big data" analysis applied to the screening of chemical structures will be introduced with examples.
Learning objective	The ability to select a suitable atomistic approach to model a nanoscale system, and to employ a simulation package to compute quantities providing a theoretically sound explanation of a given experiment. This includes knowledge of empirical force fields and insight in electronic structure theory, in particular density functional theory (DFT). Understanding the advantages of Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics (MD), and how these simulation methods can be used to compute various static and dynamic material properties. Basic understanding on how to simulate different spectroscopies (IR, X-ray, UV/VIS). Performing a basic computational experiment: interpreting the experimental input, choosing theory level and model approximations, performing the calculations, collecting and representing the results, discussing the comparison to the experiment.
Content	-Classical force fields in molecular and condensed phase systems -Methods for finding stationary states in a potential energy surface -Monte Carlo techniques applied to nanoscience -Classical molecular dynamics: extracting quantities and relating to experimentally accessible properties -From molecular orbital theory to quantum chemistry: chemical reactions -Condensed phase systems: from periodicity to band structure -Larger scale systems and their electronic properties: density functional theory and its approximations -Advanced molecular dynamics: Correlation functions and extracting free energies -The use of Smooth Overlap of Atomic Positions (SOAP) descriptors in the evaluation of the (dis)similarity of crystalline, disordered and molecular compounds
Lecture notes	A script will be made available and complemented by literature references.
Literature	D. Frenkel and B. Smit, Understanding Molecular Simulations, Academic Press, 2002. M. P. Allen and D.J. Tildesley, Computer Simulations of Liquids, Oxford University Press 1990. C. J. Cramer, Essentials of Computational Chemistry. Theories and Models, Wiley 2004 G. L. Miessler, P. J. Fischer, and Donald A. Tarr, Inorganic Chemistry, Pearson 2014. K. Huang, Statistical Mechanics, Wiley, 1987. N. W. Ashcroft, N. D. Mermin, Solid State Physics, Saunders College 1976. E. Kaxiras, Atomic and Electronic Structure of Solids, Cambridge University Press 2010.
529-0442-00L	Advanced Kinetics	W	6 credits	3G	J. Richardson
Abstract	This lecture covers the theoretical and conceptual foundations of quantum dynamics in molecular systems. Particular attention is taken to derive and compare quantum and classical approximations which can be used to simulate the dynamics of molecular systems and the reaction rate constant used in chemical kinetics.
Learning objective	The theory of quantum dynamics is derived from the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. This is illustrated with molecular examples including tunnelling, recurrences, nonadiabatic crossings. We consider thermal distributions, correlation functions, interaction with light and nonadiabatic effects. Quantum scattering theory is introduced and applied to discuss molecular collisions. The dynamics of systems with a very large number of quantum states are discussed to understand the transition from microscopic to macroscopic dynamics. A rigorous rate theory is obtained both from a quantum-mechanical picture as well as within the classical approximation. The approximations leading to conventional transition-state theory for polyatomic reactions are discussed. In this way, relaxation and irreversibility will be explained which are at the foundation of statistical mechanics. By the end of the course, the student will have learned many ways to simplify the complex problem posed by quantum dynamics. They will understand when and why certain approximations are valid in different situations and will use this to make quantitative and qualitative predictions about how different molecular systems behave.
Lecture notes	Will be available online.
Literature	D. J. Tannor, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: A Time-Dependent Perspective R. D. Levine, Molecular Reaction Dynamics S. Mukamel, Principles of Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy
Prerequisites / Notice	529-0422-00L Physical Chemistry II: Chemical Reaction Dynamics
529-0434-00L	Physical Chemistry V: Spectroscopy	W	4 credits	3G	H. J. Wörner
Abstract	thermal radiation and Planck's law; transition probabilities, rate equations; atomic structure and spectra electronic, vibrational, and rotational spectroscopy of molecules symmetry, group theory, and selection rules
Learning objective	When you successfully finished this course, you are able to analyze and interpret electronic spectra of atoms and rotational, vibrational as well as electronic spectra of molecules. In particular, you will be able * to determine the term symbols of the states of atoms, as well as diatomic and polyatomic molecules * to explain the theoretical steps that are needed to separate the motions of nuclei and electrons (Born-Oppenheimer approximation) as well as rotations and vibrations of the nuclear motion (normal-mode approximation), * to use group theory as tool in spectroscopy, e.g. to classify rotational modes according to symmetry and predict their spectroscopic activity, to construct symmetry-adapted molecular orbitals, and to use the symmetry of states to derive selection rules of molecules, * to use a quantum-mechanical picture to explain intensities of vibrational progressions of an electronic spectrum (Franck-Condon factors), and * to determine selection rules for spectroscopic transitions based on a qualitative evaluation of the dipole matrix element.
Content	Basics: thermal radiation, Planck's law transition probabilities rate equations Einstein coefficients and lasers Atomic and molecular spectroscopy: tools to evaluate the transition matrix elements which describe atomic and molecular spectra quantum-mechanically, in particular - selection rules and symmetry/group theory : separation of electrons and nuclei (Born-Oppenheimer approximation) - separation of vibrations and rotations (normal mode approximation) and how to use these tools to understand and predict spectra qualitatively
Lecture notes	is available on the lecture website
529-0440-00L	Physical Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis	W	6 credits	3G	T. Schmidt
Abstract	Fundamentals of electrochemistry, electrochemical electron transfer, electrochemical processes, electrochemical kinetics, electrocatalysis, surface electrochemistry, electrochemical energy conversion processes and introduction into the technologies (e.g., fuel cell, electrolysis), electrochemical methods (e.g., voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy), mass transport.
Learning objective	Providing an overview and in-depth understanding of Fundamentals of electrochemistry, electrochemical electron transfer, electrochemical processes, electrochemical kinetics, electrocatalysis, surface electrochemistry, electrochemical energy conversion processes (fuel cell, electrolysis), electrochemical methods and mass transport during electrochemical reactions. The students will learn about the importance of electrochemical kinetics and its relation to industrial electrochemical processes and in the energy seactor.
Content	Review of electrochemical thermodynamics, description electrochemical kinetics, Butler-Volmer equation, Tafel kinetics, simple electrochemical reactions, electron transfer, Marcus Theory, fundamentals of electrocatalysis, elementary reaction processes, rate-determining steps in electrochemical reactions, practical examples and applications specifically for electrochemical energy conversion processes, introduction to electrochemical methods, mass transport in electrochemical systems. Introduction to fuel cells and electrolysis
Lecture notes	Will be handed out during the Semester
Literature	Physical Electrochemistry, E. Gileadi, Wiley VCH Electrochemical Methods, A. Bard/L. Faulkner, Wiley-VCH Modern Electrochemistry 2A - Fundamentals of Electrodics, J. Bockris, A. Reddy, M. Gamboa-Aldeco, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
227-0948-00L	Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Medicine	W	4 credits	3G	S. Kozerke, M. Weiger Senften
Abstract	Introduction to magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, encoding and contrast mechanisms and their application in medicine.
Learning objective	Understand the basic principles of signal generation, image encoding and decoding, contrast manipulation and the application thereof to assess anatomical and functional information in-vivo.
Content	Introduction to magnetic resonance imaging including basic phenomena of nuclear magnetic resonance; 2- and 3-dimensional imaging procedures; fast and parallel imaging techniques; image reconstruction; pulse sequences and image contrast manipulation; equipment; advanced techniques for identifying activated brain areas; perfusion and flow; diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tracking; contrast agents; localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging; diagnostic applications and applications in research.
Lecture notes	D. Meier, P. Boesiger, S. Kozerke Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy
227-0303-00L	Advanced Photonics	W	6 credits	2V + 2U + 1A	A. Emboras, M. Burla, A. Dorodnyy
Abstract	The lecture gives a comprehensive insight into various types of nano-scale photonic devices, physical fundamentals of their operation, and an overview of the micro/nano-fabrication technologies. Following applications of nano-scale photonic structures are discussed in details: detectors, photovoltaic cells, atomic/ionic opto-electronic devices and integrated microwave photonics.
Learning objective	General training in advanced photonic devices with an in-depth understanding of the fundamentals of theory, fabrication, and characterization. Hands-on experience with photonic and optoelectronic device technologies and theory. The students will learn about the importance of advanced photonic devices in energy, communications, digital and neuromorphic computing applications.
Content	The following topics will be addressed: • Photovoltaics: basic thermodynamic principles and fundamental efficiency limitations, physics of semiconductor solar cell, overview of existing solar cell concepts and underlying physical phenomena. • Micro/nano-fabrication technologies for advanced optoelectronic devices: introduction and device examples. • Comprehensive insight into the physical mechanisms that govern ionic-atomic devices, present the techniques required to fabricate ultra-scaled nanostructures and show some applications in digital and neuromorphic computing. • Introduction to microwave photonics (MWP), microwave photonic links, photonic techniques for microwave signal generation and processing.
Lecture notes	The presentation and the lecture notes will be provided every week.
Literature	“Atomic/Ionic Devices”: • Resistive Switching: From Fundamentals of Nanoionic Redox Processes to Memristive Device Applications, Daniele Ielmini and Rainer Waser, Wiley-VCH • Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications, A. Bard and L. Faulkner, John Willey & Sons, Inc. “Photovoltaics”: • Prof. Peter Wurfel: Physics of Solar Cells, Wiley “Micro and nano Fabrication”: • Prof. H. Gatzen, Prof. Volker Saile, Prof. Juerg Leuthold: Micro and Nano Fabrication, Springer “Microwave Photonics”: • D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering. J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 2005. • M. Burla, Advanced integrated optical beam forming networks for broadband phased array antenna systems. Enschede, The Netherlands, 2013. DOI: 10.3990/1.9789036507295 • C.H. Cox, Analog optical links: theory and practice. Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Prerequisites / Notice	Basic knowledge of semiconductor physics, physics of the electromagnetic filed and thermodynamics.
227-0390-00L	Elements of Microscopy	W	4 credits	3G	M. Stampanoni, G. Csúcs, A. Sologubenko
Abstract	The lecture reviews the basics of microscopy by discussing wave propagation, diffraction phenomena and aberrations. It gives the basics of light microscopy, introducing fluorescence, wide-field, confocal and multiphoton imaging. It further covers 3D electron microscopy and 3D X-ray tomographic micro and nanoimaging.
Learning objective	Solid introduction to the basics of microscopy, either with visible light, electrons or X-rays.
Content	It would be impossible to imagine any scientific activities without the help of microscopy. Nowadays, scientists can count on very powerful instruments that allow investigating sample down to the atomic level. The lecture includes a general introduction to the principles of microscopy, from wave physics to image formation. It provides the physical and engineering basics to understand visible light, electron and X-ray microscopy. During selected exercises in the lab, several sophisticated instrument will be explained and their capabilities demonstrated.
Literature	Available Online.
227-0396-00L	EXCITE Interdisciplinary Summer School on Bio-Medical Imaging The school admits 60 MSc or PhD students with backgrounds in biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics, computer science or engineering based on a selection process. Students have to apply for acceptance. To apply a curriculum vitae and an application letter need to be submitted. Further information can be found at: www.excite.ethz.ch.	W	4 credits	6G	S. Kozerke, G. Csúcs, J. Klohs-Füchtemeier, S. F. Noerrelykke, M. P. Wolf
Abstract	Two-week summer school organized by EXCITE (Center for EXperimental & Clinical Imaging TEchnologies Zurich) on biological and medical imaging. The course covers X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging, ultrasound imaging, optoacoustic imaging, infrared and optical microscopy, electron microscopy, image processing and analysis.
Learning objective	Students understand basic concepts and implementations of biological and medical imaging. Based on relative advantages and limitations of each method they can identify preferred procedures and applications. Common foundations and conceptual differences of the methods can be explained.
Content	Two-week summer school on biological and medical imaging. The course covers concepts and implementations of X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging, ultrasound imaging, optoacoustic imaging, infrared and optical microscopy and electron microscopy. Multi-modal and multi-scale imaging and supporting technologies such as image analysis and modeling are discussed. Dedicated modules for physical and life scientists taking into account the various backgrounds are offered.
Lecture notes	Presentation slides, Web links
Prerequisites / Notice	The school admits 60 MSc or PhD students with backgrounds in biology, chemistry, mathematics, physics, computer science or engineering based on a selection process. To apply a curriculum vitae, a statement of purpose and applicants references need to be submitted. Further information can be found at: http://www.excite.ethz.ch/education/summer-school.html
227-0434-10L	Mathematics of Information	W	8 credits	3V + 2U + 2A	H. Bölcskei
Abstract	The class focuses on mathematical aspects of 1. Information science: Sampling theorems, frame theory, compressed sensing, sparsity, super-resolution, spectrum-blind sampling, subspace algorithms, dimensionality reduction 2. Learning theory: Approximation theory, greedy algorithms, uniform laws of large numbers, Rademacher complexity, Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension
Learning objective	The aim of the class is to familiarize the students with the most commonly used mathematical theories in data science, high-dimensional data analysis, and learning theory. The class consists of the lecture, exercise sessions with homework problems, and of a research project, which can be carried out either individually or in groups. The research project consists of either 1. software development for the solution of a practical signal processing or machine learning problem or 2. the analysis of a research paper or 3. a theoretical research problem of suitable complexity. Students are welcome to propose their own project at the beginning of the semester. The outcomes of all projects have to be presented to the entire class at the end of the semester.
Content	Mathematics of Information 1. Signal representations: Frame theory, wavelets, Gabor expansions, sampling theorems, density theorems 2. Sparsity and compressed sensing: Sparse linear models, uncertainty relations in sparse signal recovery, super-resolution, spectrum-blind sampling, subspace algorithms (ESPRIT), estimation in the high-dimensional noisy case, Lasso 3. Dimensionality reduction: Random projections, the Johnson-Lindenstrauss Lemma Mathematics of Learning 4. Approximation theory: Nonlinear approximation theory, best M-term approximation, greedy algorithms, fundamental limits on compressibility of signal classes, Kolmogorov-Tikhomirov epsilon-entropy of signal classes, optimal compression of signal classes 5. Uniform laws of large numbers: Rademacher complexity, Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension, classes with polynomial discrimination
Lecture notes	Detailed lecture notes will be provided at the beginning of the semester.
Prerequisites / Notice	This course is aimed at students with a background in basic linear algebra, analysis, statistics, and probability. We encourage students who are interested in mathematical data science to take both this course and "401-4944-20L Mathematics of Data Science" by Prof. A. Bandeira. The two courses are designed to be complementary. H. Bölcskei and A. Bandeira
227-0159-00L	Semiconductor Devices: Quantum Transport at the Nanoscale	W	6 credits	2V + 2U	M. Luisier, A. Emboras
Abstract	This class offers an introduction into quantum transport theory, a rigorous approach to electron transport at the nanoscale. It covers different topics such as bandstructure, Wave Function and Non-equilibrium Green's Function formalisms, and electron interactions with their environment. Matlab exercises accompany the lectures where students learn how to develop their own transport simulator.
Learning objective	The continuous scaling of electronic devices has given rise to structures whose dimensions do not exceed a few atomic layers. At this size, electrons do not behave as particle any more, but as propagating waves and the classical representation of electron transport as the sum of drift-diffusion processes fails. The purpose of this class is to explore and understand the displacement of electrons through nanoscale device structures based on state-of-the-art quantum transport methods and to get familiar with the underlying equations by developing his own nanoelectronic device simulator.
Content	The following topics will be addressed: - Introduction to quantum transport modeling - Bandstructure representation and effective mass approximation - Open vs closed boundary conditions to the Schrödinger equation - Comparison of the Wave Function and Non-equilibrium Green's Function formalisms as solution to the Schrödinger equation - Self-consistent Schödinger-Poisson simulations - Quantum transport simulations of resonant tunneling diodes and quantum well nano-transistors - Top-of-the-barrier simulation approach to nano-transistor - Electron interactions with their environment (phonon, roughness, impurity,...) - Multi-band transport models
Lecture notes	Lecture slides are distributed every week and can be found at https://iis-students.ee.ethz.ch/lectures/quantum-transport-in-nanoscale-devices/
Literature	Recommended textbook: "Electronic Transport in Mesoscopic Systems", Supriyo Datta, Cambridge Studies in Semiconductor Physics and Microelectronic Engineering, 1997
Prerequisites / Notice	Basic knowledge of semiconductor device physics and quantum mechanics
227-0395-00L	Neural Systems	W	6 credits	2V + 1U + 1A	R. Hahnloser, M. F. Yanik, B. Grewe
Abstract	This course introduces principles of information processing in neural systems. It covers basic neuroscience for engineering students, experiment techniques used in animal research and methods for inferring neural mechanisms. Students learn about neural information processing and basic principles of natural intelligence and their impact on artificially intelligent systems.
Learning objective	This course introduces - Basic neurophysiology and mathematical descriptions of neurons - Methods for dissecting animal behavior - Neural recordings in intact nervous systems and information decoding principles - Methods for manipulating the state and activity in selective neuron types - Neuromodulatory systems and their computational roles - Reward circuits and reinforcement learning - Imaging methods for reconstructing the synaptic networks among neurons - Birdsong and language - Neurobiological principles for machine learning.
Content	From active membranes to propagation of action potentials. From synaptic physiology to synaptic learning rules. From receptive fields to neural population decoding. From fluorescence imaging to connectomics. Methods for reading and manipulation neural ensembles. From classical conditioning to reinforcement learning. From the visual system to deep convolutional networks. Brain architectures for learning and memory. From birdsong to computational linguistics.
Prerequisites / Notice	Before taking this course, students are encouraged to complete "Bioelectronics and Biosensors" (227-0393-10L). As part of the exercises for this class, students are expected to complete a programming or literature review project to be defined at the beginning of the semester.
363-0588-00L	Complex Networks	W	4 credits	2V + 1U	F. Schweitzer
Abstract	The course provides an overview of the methods and abstractions used in (i) the quantitative study of complex networks, (ii) empirical network analysis, (iii) the study of dynamical processes in networked systems, (iv) the analysis of robustness of networked systems, (v) the study of network evolution, and (vi) data mining techniques for networked data sets.
Learning objective	* the network approach to complex systems, where actors are represented as nodes and interactions are represented as links * learn about structural properties of classes of networks * learn about feedback mechanism in the formation of networks * learn about statistical inference and data mining techniques for data on networked systems * learn methods and abstractions used in the growing literature on complex networks
Content	Networks matter! This holds for social and economic systems, for technical infrastructures as well as for information systems. Increasingly, these networked systems are outside the control of a centralized authority but rather evolve in a distributed and self-organized way. How can we understand their evolution and what are the local processes that shape their global features? How does their topology influence dynamical processes like diffusion? And how can we characterize the importance of specific nodes? This course provides a systematic answer to such questions, by developing methods and tools which can be applied to networks in diverse areas like infrastructure, communication, information systems, biology or (online) social networks. In a network approach, agents in such systems (like e.g. humans, computers, documents, power plants, biological or financial entities) are represented as nodes, whereas their interactions are represented as links. The first part of the course, "Introduction to networks: basic and advanced metrics", describes how networks can be represented mathematically and how the properties of their link structures can be quantified empirically. In a second part "Stochastic Models of Complex Networks" we address how analytical statements about crucial properties like connectedness or robustness can be made based on simple macroscopic stochastic models without knowing the details of a topology. In the third part we address "Dynamical processes on complex networks". We show how a simple model for a random walk in networks can give insights into the authority of nodes, the efficiency of diffusion processes as well as the existence of community structures. A fourth part "Network Optimisation and Inference" introduces models for the emergence of complex topological features which are due to stochastic optimization processes, as well as statistical methods to detect patterns in large data sets on networks. In a fifth part, we address "Network Dynamics", introducing models for the emergence of complex features that are due to (i) feedback phenomena in simple network growth processes or (iii) order correlations in systems with highly dynamic links. A final part "Research Trends" introduces recent research on the application of data mining and machine learning techniques to relational data.
Lecture notes	The lecture slides are provided as handouts - including notes and literature sources - to registered students only. All material is to be found on Moodle at the following URL: https://moodle-app2.let.ethz.ch/course/view.php?id=12428
Literature	See handouts. Specific literature is provided for download - for registered students, only.
Prerequisites / Notice	There are no pre-requisites for this course. Self-study tasks (to be solved analytically and by means of computer simulations) are provided as home work. Weekly exercises (45 min) are used to discuss selected solutions. Active participation in the exercises is strongly suggested for a successful completion of the final exam.
363-0543-00L	Agent-Based Modelling of Social Systems	W	3 credits	2V + 1U	F. Schweitzer, G. Vaccario
Abstract	Agent-based modeling is introduced as a bottom-up approach to understand the complex dynamics of social systems. The course is based on formal models of agents and their interactions. Computer simulations using Python allow the quantitative analysis of a wide range of social phenomena, e.g. cooperation and competition, opinion dynamics, spatial interactions and behaviour in social networks.
Learning objective	A successful participant of this course is able to - understand the rationale of agent-based models of social systems - understand the relation between rules implemented at the individual level and the emerging behavior at the global level - learn to choose appropriate model classes to characterize different social systems - grasp the influence of agent heterogeneity on the model output - efficiently implement agent-based models using Python and visualize the output
Content	This full-featured course on agent-based modeling (ABM) allows participants with no prior expertise to understand concepts, methods and tools of ABM, to apply them in their master or doctoral thesis. We focus on a formal description of agents and their interactions, to allow for a suitable implementation in computer simulations. Given certain rules for the agents, we are interested to model their collective dynamics on the systemic level. Agent-based modeling is introduced as a bottom-up approach to understand the complex dynamics of social systems. Agents represent the basic constituents of such systems. The are described by internal states or degrees of freedom (opinions, strategies, etc.), the ability to perceive and change their environment, and the ability to interact with other agents. Their individual (microscopic) actions and interactions with other agents, result in macroscopic (collective, system) dynamics with emergent properties, which we want to understand and to analyze. The course is structured in three main parts. The first two parts introduce two main agent concepts - Boolean agents and Brownian agents, which differ in how the internal dynamics of agents is represented. Boolean agents are characterized by binary internal states, e.g. yes/no opinion, while Brownian agents can have a continuous spectrum of internal states, e.g. preferences and attitudes. The last part introduces models in which agents interact in physical space, e.g. migrate or move collectively. Throughout the course, we will discuss a wide variety of application areas, such as: - opinion dynamics and social influence, - cooperation and competition, - online social networks, - systemic risk - emotional influence and communication - swarming behavior - spatial competition While the lectures focus on the theoretical foundations of agent-based modeling, weekly exercise classes provide practical skills. Using the Python programming language, the participants implement agent-based models in guided and in self-chosen projects, which they present and jointly discuss.
Lecture notes	The lecture slides will be available on the Moodle platform, for registered students only.
Literature	See handouts. Specific literature is provided for download, for registered students only.
Prerequisites / Notice	Participants of the course should have some background in mathematics and an interest in formal modeling and in computer simulations, and should be motivated to learn about social systems from a quantitative perspective. Prior knowledge of Python is not necessary. Self-study tasks are provided as home work for small teams (2-4 members). Weekly exercises (45 min) are used to discuss the solutions and guide the students. The examination will account for 70% of the grade and will be conducted electronically. The "closed book" rule applies: no books, no summaries, no lecture materials. The exam questions and answers will be only in English. The use of a paper-based dictionary is permitted. The group project to be handed in at the beginning of July will count 30% to the final grade.
701-1708-00L	Infectious Disease Dynamics	W	4 credits	2V	S. Bonhoeffer, R. D. Kouyos, R. R. Regös, T. Stadler
Abstract	This course introduces into current research on the population biology of infectious diseases. The course discusses the most important mathematical tools and their application to relevant diseases of human, natural or managed populations.
Learning objective	Attendees will learn about: * the impact of important infectious pathogens and their evolution on human, natural and managed populations * the population biological impact of interventions such as treatment or vaccination * the impact of population structure on disease transmission Attendees will learn how: * the emergence spread of infectious diseases is described mathematically * the impact of interventions can be predicted and optimized with mathematical models * population biological models are parameterized from empirical data * genetic information can be used to infer the population biology of the infectious disease The course will focus on how the formal methods ("how") can be used to derive biological insights about the host-pathogen system ("about").
Content	After an introduction into the history of infectious diseases and epidemiology the course will discuss basic epidemiological models and the mathematical methods of their analysis. We will then discuss the population dynamical effects of intervention strategies such as vaccination and treatment. In the second part of the course we will introduce into more advanced topics such as the effect of spatial population structure, explicit contact structure, host heterogeneity, and stochasticity. In the final part of the course we will introduce basic concepts of phylogenetic analysis in the context of infectious diseases.
Lecture notes	Slides and script of the lecture will be available online.
Literature	The course is not based on any of the textbooks below, but they are excellent choices as accompanying material: * Keeling & Rohani, Modeling Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals, Princeton Univ Press 2008 * Anderson & May, Infectious Diseases in Humans, Oxford Univ Press 1990 * Murray, Mathematical Biology, Springer 2002/3 * Nowak & May, Virus Dynamics, Oxford Univ Press 2000 * Holmes, The Evolution and Emergence of RNA Viruses, Oxford Univ Press 2009
Prerequisites / Notice	Basic knowledge of population dynamics and population genetics as well as linear algebra and analysis will be an advantage.
701-1236-00L	Measurement Methods in Meteorology and Climate Research	W	1 credit	1V	M. Hirschi, D. Michel, S. I. Seneviratne
Abstract	The course provides the physical, technical, and theoretical basics for measuring physical quantities in the atmosphere. Also, considerations related to the planning of observation campaigns and to data evaluation are discussed.
Learning objective	Aims of the course are: - to become sensitive for specific problems when making measurements in the atmosphere under severe environmental conditions - to gain knowledge of the different measurement methods and techniques - to develop criteria for the choice of the optimal measurement method for a given problem - to find the optimal observation strategy in terms of choice of instrument, frequency of observation, accuracy, etc.
Content	Problems related to time series analysis, sampling theorem, time constant and sampling rate. Theoretical analysis of different sensors for temperature, humidity, wind, and pressure. Discussion of effects disturbing the instruments. Principles of active and passive remote sensing. Measuring turbulent fluxes (e.g. heatflux) using eddy-correlation technique. Discussion of technical realizations of complex observing systems (radiosondes, automatic weather stations, radar, wind profilers). Demonstration of instruments.
Lecture notes	Students can download a copy of the lectures as PDF-files.
Literature	- Emeis, Stefan: Measurement Methods in Atmospheric Sciences, In situ and remote. Bornträger 2010, ISBN 978-3-443-01066-9 - Brock, F. V. and S. J. Richardson: Meteorological Measurement Systems, Oxford University Press 2001, ISBN 0-19-513451-6 - Thomas P. DeFelice: An Introduction to Meteorological Instrumentation and Measurement. Prentice-Hall 2000, 229 p., ISBN 0-13-243270-6 - Fritschen, L.J., Gay L.W.: Environmental Instrumentation, 216 p., Springer, New York 1979. - Lenschow, D.H. (ed.): Probing the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, 269 p., American Meteorological Society, Boston MA 1986. - Meteorological Office (publ.): Handbook of Meteorological Instruments, 8 vols., Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London 1980. - Wang, J.Y., Felton, C.M.M.: Instruments for Physical Environmental measurements, 2 vol., 801 p., Kendall/Hunt Publ. Comp., Dubuque Iowa 1975/76.
Prerequisites / Notice	The lecture focuses on physical atmospheric parameters while lecture 701-0234-00 concentrates on the chemical quantities. The lectures are complementary, together they provide the instrumental basics for the lab course 701-0460-00. Contact hours of the lab course are such that the lectures can be attended (which is recommended).
701-0234-00L	Atmospheric Chemistry: Instruments and Measuring Techniques	W	1 credit	1V	U. Krieger
Abstract	Measuring Techniques: Environmental Monitoring, Trace Gas Detection, Remote Sensing, Aerosol Characterization, Techniques used in the laboratory.
Learning objective	Find out about the specific problems connected to composition measurements in the atmosphere. Working out criteria for selecting an optimal measuring strategy. Acquiring knowledge about different measuring methods their spectroscopic principles and of some specific instruments.
Content	Es werden Methoden und Geräte vorgestellt und theoretisch analysiert, die in atmosphärenchemischen Messungen Verwendung finden: Geräte zur Überwachung im Rahmen der Luftreinhalteverordnung, Spurengasanlysemethoden, "remote sensing", Aerosolmessgeräte, Messverfahren bei Labormessungen zu atmosphärischen Fragestellungen.
Literature	B. J. Finnlayson-Pitts, J. N. Pitts, "Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere", Academic Press, San Diego, 2000
Prerequisites / Notice	Methodenvorlesung zu den Praktika 701-0460-00 und 701-1230-00. Die Kontaktzeiten in diesen Praktika sind so abgestimmt, dass der (empfohlene) Besuch der Vorlesung möglich ist. Voraussetzungen: Atmosphärenphysik I und II
151-0620-00L	Embedded MEMS Lab Number of participants limited to 20.	W	5 credits	3P	C. Hierold, M. Haluska
Abstract	Practical course: Students are introduced to the process steps required for the fabrication of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) and carry out the fabrication and testing steps in the clean rooms themselves. Additionally, they learn the requirements for working in clean rooms. Processing and characterization will be documented and analyzed in a final report.
Learning objective	Students learn the individual process steps that are required to make a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System). Students carry out the process steps themselves in laboratories and clean rooms. Furthermore, participants become familiar with the special requirements (cleanliness, safety, operation of equipment and handling hazardous chemicals) of working in the clean rooms and laboratories. The entire production, processing, and characterization of the MEMS is documented and evaluated in a final report.
Content	With guidance from a tutor, the individual silicon microsystem process steps that are required for the fabrication of an accelerometer are carried out: - Photolithography, dry etching, wet etching, sacrificial layer etching, various cleaning procedures - Packaging and electrical connection of a MEMS device - Testing and characterization of the MEMS device - Written documentation and evaluation of the entire production, processing and characterization
Lecture notes	A document containing theory, background and practical course content is distributed in the informational meeting.
Literature	The document provides sufficient information for the participants to successfully participate in the course.
Prerequisites / Notice	Participating students are required to attend all scheduled lectures and meetings of the course. Participating students are required to provide proof that they have personal accident insurance prior to the start of the laboratory portion of the course. This master's level course is limited to 20 students per semester for safety and efficiency reasons. If there are more than 20 students registered, we regret to restrict access to this course by the following rules: Priority 1: master students of the master's program in "Micro and Nanosystems" Priority 2: master students of the master's program in "Mechanical Engineering" with a specialization in Microsystems and Nanoscale Engineering (MAVT-tutors Profs Dual, Hierold, Koumoutsakos, Nelson, Norris, Poulikakos, Pratsinis, Stemmer), who attended the bachelor course "151-0621-00L Microsystems Technology" successfully. Priority 3: master students, who attended the bachelor course "151-0621-00L Microsystems Technology" successfully. Priority 4: all other students (PhD, bachelor, master) with a background in silicon or microsystems process technology. If there are more students in one of these priority groups than places available, we will decide with respect to (in following order) best achieved grade from 151-0621-00L Microsystems Technology, registration to this practicum at previous semester, and by drawing lots. Students will be notified at the first lecture of the course (introductory lecture) as to whether they are able to participate. The course is offered in autumn and spring semester.
227-0147-00L	VLSI II: Design of Very Large Scale Integration Circuits	W	6 credits	5G	F. K. Gürkaynak, L. Benini
Abstract	This second course in our VLSI series is concerned with how to turn digital circuit netlists into safe, testable and manufacturable mask layout, taking into account various parasitic effects. Low-power circuit design is another important topic. Economic aspects and management issues of VLSI projects round off the course.
Learning objective	Know how to design digital VLSI circuits that are safe, testable, durable, and make economic sense.
Content	The second course begins with a thorough discussion of various technical aspects at the circuit and layout level before moving on to economic issues of VLSI. Topics include: - The difficulties of finding fabrication defects in large VLSI chips. - How to make integrated circuit testable (design for test). - Synchronous clocking disciplines compared, clock skew, clock distribution, input/output timing. - Synchronization and metastability. - CMOS transistor-level circuits of gates, flip-flops and random access memories. - Sinks of energy in CMOS circuits. - Power estimation and low-power design. - Current research in low-energy computing. - Layout parasitics, interconnect delay, static timing analysis. - Switching currents, ground bounce, IR-drop, power distribution. - Floorplanning, chip assembly, packaging. - Layout design at the mask level, physical design verification. - Electromigration, electrostatic discharge, and latch-up. - Models of industrial cooperation in microelectronics. - The caveats of virtual components. - The cost structures of ASIC development and manufacturing. - Market requirements, decision criteria, and case studies. - Yield models. - Avenues to low-volume fabrication. - Marketing considerations and case studies. - Management of VLSI projects. Exercises are concerned with back-end design (floorplanning, placement, routing, clock and power distribution, layout verification). Industrial CAD tools are being used.
Lecture notes	H. Kaeslin: "Top-Down Digital VLSI Design, from Gate-Level Circuits to CMOS Fabrication", Lecture Notes Vol.2 , 2015. All written documents in English.
Literature	H. Kaeslin: "Top-Down Digital VLSI Design, from Architectures to Gate-Level Circuits and FPGAs", Elsevier, 2014, ISBN 9780128007303.
Prerequisites / Notice	Highlight: Students are offered the opportunity to design a circuit of their own which then gets actually fabricated as a microchip! Students who elect to participate in this program register for a term project at the Integrated Systems Laboratory in parallel to attending the VLSI II course. Prerequisites: "VLSI I: from Architectures to Very Large Scale Integration Circuits and FPGAs" or equivalent knowledge. Further details: https://vlsi2.ethz.ch
101-0178-01L	Uncertainty Quantification in Engineering	W	3 credits	2G	S. Marelli, B. Sudret
Abstract	Uncertainty quantification aims at studying the impact of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty onto computational models used in science and engineering. The course introduces the basic concepts of uncertainty quantification: probabilistic modelling of data (copula theory), uncertainty propagation techniques (Monte Carlo simulation, polynomial chaos expansions), and sensitivity analysis.
Learning objective	After this course students will be able to properly pose an uncertainty quantification problem, select the appropriate computational methods and interpret the results in meaningful statements for field scientists, engineers and decision makers. The course is suitable for any master/Ph.D. student in engineering or natural sciences, physics, mathematics, computer science with a basic knowledge in probability theory.
Content	The course introduces uncertainty quantification through a set of practical case studies that come from civil, mechanical, nuclear and electrical engineering, from which a general framework is introduced. The course in then divided into three blocks: probabilistic modelling (introduction to copula theory), uncertainty propagation (Monte Carlo simulation and polynomial chaos expansions) and sensitivity analysis (correlation measures, Sobol' indices). Each block contains lectures and tutorials using Matlab and the in-house software UQLab (www.uqlab.com).
Lecture notes	Detailed slides are provided for each lecture. A printed script gathering all the lecture slides may be bought at the beginning of the semester.
Prerequisites / Notice	A basic background in probability theory and statistics (bachelor level) is required. A summary of useful notions will be handed out at the beginning of the course. A good knowledge of Matlab is required to participate in the tutorials and for the mini-project.
327-0506-01L	Materials Physics II Planned to be offered for the last time in FS 2022.	W	3 credits	2V + 1U	P. Gambardella
Abstract	This course provides physical foundations to understand the response of different classes of materials to electromagnetic fields, focusing on the dielectric and optical properties of materials, and on the basic functioning of devices that exploit such properties, including photodiodes, photovoltaic cells, LEDs, and laser diodes.
Learning objective	This course aims at giving an understanding of physical phenomena relevant to Materials Science and, vice versa, an understanding of materials that are relevant to tailor the physical properties of electronic and optical devices.
Content	PART I: Introduction to the dielectric properties of matter Microscopic origin of dipoles in matter: Electronic, ionic, molecular polarization. Electric field inside and outside dielectric materials. Connection between macroscopic and microscopic polarization. Dielectric breakdown. PART II: Interaction of electromagnetic waves with matter The EM spectrum. Electromagnetic waves in vacuum; Energy, momentum, and angular momentum of EM waves; Sources of EM radiation; EM waves in matter. The refractive index. Transmission, Reflection, and Refraction from a microscopic point of view. Optical anisotropy, Optical activity, Dichroism. PART III: Optical Materials: Crystalline Insulators and Semiconductors, Glasses, Metals. Photonic devices: Photodiodes, Photovoltaic cells, LEDs, Laser diodes
Lecture notes	Lectures and script will be in English. Lecture notes can be downloaded at http://www.intermag.mat.ethz.ch/education.html
Literature	Electromagnetism and dielectric properties: E.M. Purcell and D.J. Morin, Electricity and Magnetism (Cambridge U. Press, 2013) Optics and optical materials: E. Hecht, Optics (Lehmanns) ; M. Fox, Optical Properties of Solids (Oxford U. Press) Photonic Devices: Simon Sze, Physics of Semiconductor Devices (Wiley)
Prerequisites / Notice	Materials Physics I (327-0407-01)
227-0455-00L	Terahertz: Technology and Applications	W	5 credits	3G + 3A	K. Sankaran
Abstract	This block course will provide a solid foundation for understanding physical principles of THz applications. We will discuss various building blocks of THz technology - components dealing with generation, manipulation, and detection of THz electromagnetic radiation. We will introduce THz applications in the domain of imaging, sensing, communications, non-destructive testing and evaluations.
Learning objective	This is an introductory course on Terahertz (THz) technology and applications. Devices operating in THz frequency range (0.1 to 10 THz) have been increasingly studied in the recent years. Progress in nonlinear optical materials, ultrafast optical and electronic techniques has strengthened research in THz application developments. Due to unique interaction of THz waves with materials, applications with new capabilities can be developed. In theory, they can penetrate somewhat like X-rays, but are not considered harmful radiation, because THz energy level is low. They should be able to provide resolution as good as or better than magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), possibly with simpler equipment. Imaging, very-high bandwidth communication, and energy harvesting are the most widely explored THz application areas. We will study the basics of THz generation, manipulation, and detection. Our emphasis will be on the physical principles and applications of THz in the domain of imaging, sensing, communications, non-destructive testing and evaluations. The second part of the block course will be a short project work related to the topics covered in the lecture. The learnings from the project work should be presented in the end.
Content	PART I: - INTRODUCTION - Chapter 1: Introduction to THz Physics Chapter 2: Components of THz Technology - THz TECHNOLOGY MODULES - Chapter 3: THz Generation Chapter 4: THz Detection Chapter 5: THz Manipulation - APPLICATIONS - Chapter 6: THz Imaging / Sensing / Communication Chapter 7: THz Non-destructive Testing Chapter 8: THz Applications in Plastic & Recycling Industries PART 2: - PROJECT WORK - Short project work related to the topics covered in the lecture. Short presentation of the learnings from the project work. Full guidance and supervision will be given for successful completion of the short project work.
Lecture notes	Soft-copy of lectures notes will be provided.
Literature	- Yun-Shik Lee, Principles of Terahertz Science and Technology, Springer 2009 - Ali Rostami, Hassan Rasooli, and Hamed Baghban, Terahertz Technology: Fundamentals and Applications, Springer 2010
Prerequisites / Notice	Basic foundation in physics, particularly, electromagnetics is required. Students who want to refresh their electromagnetics fundamentals can get additional material required for the course.
327-2139-00L	Diffraction Physics in Materials Science	W	3 credits	3G	R. Erni
Abstract	The lecture focuses on diffraction and scattering phenomena in materials science beyond basic Bragg diffraction. Introducing the 1st-order Born approximation and Kirchoff’s theory, diffraction from ideal and non-ideal crystals is treated including, e.g., temperature and shape effects, ordering phenomena, small-angle scattering and dynamical diffraction theories.
Learning objective	• To become familiar with advanced diffraction phenomena in order to be able to explore the structure and properties of (solid) matter and their defects. • To build up a generally applicable and fundamental theoretical understanding of scattering and diffraction effects. • To learn about limitations of the methods and the underlying theory which is commonly used to analyze diffraction data.
Content	The course provides a general introduction to advanced diffraction phenomena in materials science. The lecture series covers the following topics: derivation of a general scattering theory based on Green’s function as basis for the introduction of the first-order Born approximation; Kirchhoff’s diffraction theory with its integral theorem and the specific cases of Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction; diffraction from ideal crystals and diffraction from real crystals considering temperature effects expressed by the temperature Debye-Waller factor and by thermal diffuse scattering, atomic size effects expressed by the static Debye-Waller factor and diffuse scattering due to the modulation of the Laue monotonic scattering as a consequence of local order or clustering; the basics of small-angle scattering; and finally approaches used to treat dynamical diffraction are introduced and exemplified by performing simulations. In addition, the specifics of X-ray, electron and neutron scattering are being discussed. The course is complemented by a lab visit, live demos, selected exercises and short topical presentations given by the participants.
Lecture notes	Full-text script is available covering within about 100 pages the core topics of the lecture and all necessary derivations.
Literature	- Diffraction Physics, 3rd ed., J. M. Cowley, Elsevier, 1994. - X-Ray Diffraction, B. E. Warren, Dover, 1990. - Diffraction from Materials, 2nd ed., L. H. Schwartz, J. B. Cohen, Springer, 1987. - X-Ray Diffraction – In Crystals, Imperfect Crystals and Amorphous Bodies, A. Guinier, Dover, 1994. - Aberration-corrected imaging in transmission electron microscopy, 2nd ed., R. Erni, Imperial College Press, 2015.
Prerequisites / Notice	Basics of crystallography and the concept of reciprocal space, basics of electromagnetic and particle waves (but not mandatory)
252-0220-00L	Introduction to Machine Learning Limited number of participants. Preference is given to students in programmes in which the course is being offered. All other students will be waitlisted. Please do not contact Prof. Krause for any questions in this regard. If necessary, please contact studiensekretariat@inf.ethz.ch	W	8 credits	4V + 2U + 1A	A. Krause, F. Yang
Abstract	The course introduces the foundations of learning and making predictions based on data.
Learning objective	The course will introduce the foundations of learning and making predictions from data. We will study basic concepts such as trading goodness of fit and model complexitiy. We will discuss important machine learning algorithms used in practice, and provide hands-on experience in a course project.
Content	- Linear regression (overfitting, cross-validation/bootstrap, model selection, regularization, [stochastic] gradient descent) - Linear classification: Logistic regression (feature selection, sparsity, multi-class) - Kernels and the kernel trick (Properties of kernels; applications to linear and logistic regression); k-nearest neighbor - Neural networks (backpropagation, regularization, convolutional neural networks) - Unsupervised learning (k-means, PCA, neural network autoencoders) - The statistical perspective (regularization as prior; loss as likelihood; learning as MAP inference) - Statistical decision theory (decision making based on statistical models and utility functions) - Discriminative vs. generative modeling (benefits and challenges in modeling joint vy. conditional distributions) - Bayes' classifiers (Naive Bayes, Gaussian Bayes; MLE) - Bayesian approaches to unsupervised learning (Gaussian mixtures, EM)
Literature	Textbook: Kevin Murphy, Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective, MIT Press
Prerequisites / Notice	Designed to provide a basis for following courses: - Advanced Machine Learning - Deep Learning - Probabilistic Artificial Intelligence - Seminar "Advanced Topics in Machine Learning"
227-0432-00L	Learning, Classification and Compression	W	4 credits	2V + 1U	E. Riegler
Abstract	The focus of the course is aligned to a theoretical approach of learning theory and classification and an introduction to lossy and lossless compression for general sets and measures. We will mainly focus on a probabilistic approach, where an underlying distribution must be learned/compressed. The concepts acquired in the course are of broad and general interest in data sciences.
Learning objective	After attending this lecture and participating in the exercise sessions, students will have acquired a working knowledge of learning theory, classification, and compression.
Content	1. Learning Theory (a) Framework of Learning (b) Hypothesis Spaces and Target Functions (c) Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (d) Bias-Variance Tradeoff (e) Estimation of Sample and Approximation Error 2. Classification (a) Binary Classifier (b) Support Vector Machines (separable case) (c) Support Vector Machines (nonseparable case) (d) Kernel Trick 3. Lossy and Lossless Compression (a) Basics of Compression (b) Compressed Sensing for General Sets and Measures (c) Quantization and Rate Distortion Theory for General Sets and Measures
Lecture notes	Detailed lecture notes will be provided.
Prerequisites / Notice	This course is aimed at students with a solid background in measure theory and linear algebra and basic knowledge in functional analysis.
701-1252-00L	Climate Change Uncertainty and Risk: From Probabilistic Forecasts to Economics of Climate Adaptation Number of participants limited to 50. Waiting list until 05.03.2021.	W	3 credits	2V + 1U	D. N. Bresch, R. Knutti
Abstract	The course introduces the concepts of predictability, probability, uncertainty and probabilistic risk modelling and their application to climate modeling and the economics of climate adaptation.
Learning objective	Students will acquire knowledge in uncertainty and risk quantification (probabilistic modelling) and an understanding of the economics of climate adaptation. They will become able to construct their own uncertainty and risk assessment models (in Python), hence basic understanding of scientific programming forms a prerequisite of the course.
Content	The first part of the course covers methods to quantify uncertainty in detecting and attributing human influence on climate change and to generate probabilistic climate change projections on global to regional scales. Model evaluation, calibration and structural error are discussed. In the second part, quantification of risks associated with local climate impacts and the economics of different baskets of climate adaptation options are assessed – leading to informed decisions to optimally allocate resources. Such pre-emptive risk management allows evaluating a mix of prevention, preparation, response, recovery, and (financial) risk transfer actions, resulting in an optimal balance of public and private contributions to risk management, aiming at a more resilient society. The course provides an introduction to the following themes: 1) basics of probabilistic modelling and quantification of uncertainty from global climate change to local impacts of extreme events 2) methods to optimize and constrain model parameters using observations 3) risk management from identification (perception) and understanding (assessment, modelling) to actions (prevention, preparation, response, recovery, risk transfer) 4) basics of economic evaluation, economic decision making in the presence of climate risks and pre-emptive risk management to optimally allocate resources
Lecture notes	Powerpoint slides will be made available.
Literature	Many papers for in-depth study will be referred to during the lecture.
Prerequisites / Notice	Hands-on experience with probabilistic climate models and risk models will be acquired in the tutorials; hence good understanding of scientific programming forms a prerequisite of the course, in Python (teaching language, object oriented) or similar. Basic understanding of the climate system, e.g. as covered in the course 'Klimasysteme' is required, as well as beginner level in statistical and time series analysis. Examination: graded tutorials during the semester (benotete Semesterleistung)
701-1504-00L	ETH Sustainability Summer School	W	3 credits	6G	C. Bratrich, P. Krütli, A. Rom, E. Tilley, C. Zurbrügg
Abstract	The ETH Sustainability Summer School provides young researchers with the opportunity to work on current and sustainability-related topics in interdisciplinary and intercultural teams. Focus is given not only to teaching theoretical knowledge but also to solving specific case studies.
Learning objective	Within ETH Zurich's Critical Thinking Initiative (CTI), students further develop their critical thinking and communications skills including: the capability to analyse and reflect critically, to form an independent opinion and develop a point of view, as well as to communicate, argue and act in an effective and responsible manner. Based on this concept, the ETH Sustainability Summer School is providing its students with the following qualifications and learning outcomes: - Interdisciplinary and multicultural competence: Students gain basic knowledge in scientific disciplines beyond their own and learn how to work effectively in interdisciplinary and multicultural teams. - Methodological competence: Students gain basic knowledge of different scientific methods beyond their selected study discipline. - Reflection competence: Students learn to critically reflect their own way of thinking, their own research approaches, and how academia influences and interacts with society at large. - Implementation skills: Students will apply creative technologies in solution finding processes to gain knowledge and prototyping-skills to increase hands-on experience by applying knowledge in concrete cases. This year's event on solid waste management is a collaboration between ETH Sustainability, the ETH for Development (ETH4D) Initiative and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana), and will take place at KNUST in Kumasi, Ghana. To find more information and to register, visit our website: Link
Literature	further information and registration: Link
Prerequisites / Notice	The Summer School 2021 is a collaboration between ETH Sustainability and the ETH for Development (ETH4D) Initiative. It provides students and young researchers the opportunity to develop and test solutions for a real-world challenge related to solid waste. Students will work in interdisciplinary teams. The summer school will be organized as a hybrid version, held in parallell at ETH Zürich and at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology (KNUST) in Kumasi / Ghana. We will invite Bachelor, Master and PhD students from ETH Zurich and students from KNUST with a wide range of backgrounds and disciplines. Candidates will be selected from all disciplines. Submitting a motivation letter and CV is a prerequisite for the application. Applicants will be evaluated on their academic strength, creativity, technical-related expertise, and their dedication to contribute to solving the world's most pressing challenges. Depending on the Covid-19 situation, the course might have to be cancelled or its format may change.
151-0928-00L	CO2 Capture and Storage and the Industry of Carbon-Based Resources	W	4 credits	3G	M. Mazzotti, A. Bardow, P. Eckle, N. Gruber, M. Repmann, T. Schmidt, D. Sutter
Abstract	Carbon-based resources (coal, oil, gas): origin, production, processing, resource economics. Climate change: science, policies. CCS systems: CO2 capture in power/industrial plants, CO2 transport and storage. Besides technical details, economical, legal and societal aspects are considered (e.g. electricity markets, barriers to deployment).
Learning objective	The goal of the lecture is to introduce carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) systems, the technical solutions developed so far and the current research questions. This is done in the context of the origin, production, processing and economics of carbon-based resources, and of climate change issues. After this course, students are familiar with important technical and non-technical issues related to use of carbon resources, climate change, and CCS as a transitional mitigation measure. The class will be structured in 2 hours of lecture and one hour of exercises/discussion. At the end of the semester a group project is planned.
Content	Both the Swiss and the European energy system face a number of significant challenges over the coming decades. The major concerns are the security and economy of energy supply and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Fossil fuels will continue to satisfy the largest part of the energy demand in the medium term for Europe, and they could become part of the Swiss energy portfolio due to the planned phase out of nuclear power. Carbon capture and storage is considered an important option for the decarbonization of the power sector and it is the only way to reduce emissions in CO2 intensive industrial plants (e.g. cement- and steel production). Building on the previously offered class "Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS)", we have added two specific topics: 1) the industry of carbon-based resources, i.e. what is upstream of the CCS value chain, and 2) the science of climate change, i.e. why and how CO2 emissions are a problem. The course is devided into four parts: I) The first part will be dedicated to the origin, production, and processing of conventional as well as of unconventional carbon-based resources. II) The second part will comprise two lectures from experts in the field of climate change sciences and resource economics. III) The third part will explain the technical details of CO2 capture (current and future options) as well as of CO2 storage and utilization options, taking again also economical, legal, and sociatel aspects into consideration. IV) The fourth part will comprise two lectures from industry experts, one with focus on electricity markets, the other on the experiences made with CCS technologies in the industry. Throughout the class, time will be allocated to work on a number of tasks related to the theory, individually, in groups, or in plenum. Moreover, the students will apply the theoretical knowledge acquired during the course in a case study covering all the topics.
Lecture notes	Power Point slides and distributed handouts
Literature	IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C, 2018. http://www.ipcc.ch/report/sr15/ IPCC AR5 Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report, 2014. www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ IPCC Special Report on Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage, 2005. www.ipcc.ch/activity/srccs/index.htm The Global Status of CCS: 2014. Published by the Global CCS Institute, Nov 2014. http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/global-status-ccs-2014
Prerequisites / Notice	External lecturers from the industry and other institutes will contribute with specialized lectures according to the schedule distributed at the beginning of the semester.
701-0412-00L	Climate Systems	W	3 credits	2G	S. I. Seneviratne, L. Gudmundsson
Abstract	This course introduces the most important physical components of the climate system and their interactions. The mechanisms of anthropogenic climate change are analysed against the background of climate history and variability. Those completing the course will be in a position to identify and explain simple problems in the area of climate systems.
Learning objective	Students are able - to describe the most important physical components of the global climate system and sketch their interactions - to explain the mechanisms of anthropogenic climate change - to identify and explain simple problems in the area of climate systems
Lecture notes	Copies of the slides are provided in electronic form.
Literature	A comprehensive list of references is provided in the class. Two books are particularly recommended: - Hartmann, D., 2016: Global Physical Climatology. Academic Press, London, 485 pp. - Peixoto, J.P. and A.H. Oort, 1992: Physics of Climate. American Institute of Physics, New York, 520 pp.
Prerequisites / Notice	Teaching: Sonia I. Seneviratne & Lukas Gudmundsson, several keynotes to special topics by other professors Course taught in german/english, slides in english
364-0576-00L	Advanced Sustainability Economics PhD course, open for MSc students	W	3 credits	3G	L. Bretschger, A. Pattakou
Abstract	The course covers current resource and sustainability economics, including ethical foundations of sustainability, intertemporal optimisation in capital-resource economies, sustainable use of non-renewable and renewable resources, pollution dynamics, population growth, and sectoral heterogeneity. A final part is on empirical contributions, e.g. the resource curse, energy prices, and the EKC.
Learning objective	Understanding of the current issues and economic methods in sustainability research; ability to solve typical problems like the calculation of the growth rate under environmental restriction with the help of appropriate model equations.

Proseminars and Semester Papers To organise a semester project take contact with one of the instructors. Not all lecturers are directly eligible in myStudies if "Professors" is the required type of lecturers. In such cases please take contact with the Study Administration (www.phys.ethz.ch/studies/study-administration.html).
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
402-0210-MSL	Proseminar Theoretical Physics Limited number of participants.	W	8 credits	4S	Supervisors
Abstract	A guided self-study of original papers and of advanced textbooks in theoretical physics. Within the general topic, determined each semester, participants give a presentation on a particular subject and deliver a written report.
Learning objective
402-0217-MSL	Semester Project in Theoretical Physics	W	8 credits	15A	Supervisors
Abstract	This course unit is an alternative if no suitable "Proseminar Theoretical Physics" is available of if the proseminar is already overbooked.
Learning objective
402-0215-MSL	Experimental Semester Project in Physics	W	8 credits	15A	Supervisors
Abstract	The aim of the project is to give the student experience in working in a research environment, carrying out physics experiments, analysing and interpreting the resulting data.
Learning objective
402-0717-MSL	Particle Physics at CERN	W	8 credits	15P	F. Nessi-Tedaldi, W. Lustermann
Abstract	During the semester break participating students stay for 4 weeks at CERN and perform experimental work relevant to our particle physics projects. Dates to be agreed upon.
Learning objective	Students learn the needed skills to, and perform a small particle physics experiment: setup, problem solving, data taking, analysis, interpretation and presentation in a written report of publication quality.
Content	Detailed information in: https://nessif.web.cern.ch/ETHTeilchenpraktikumCERNen.html
Prerequisites / Notice	Language of instruction: English or German
402-0719-MSL	Particle Physics at PSI (Paul Scherrer Institute) Does not take place this semester.	W	8 credits	15P	A. Soter
Abstract	During semester breaks in Summer 6-12 students stay for 3 weeks at PSI and participate in a hands-on course on experimental particle physics. A small real experiment is performed in common, including apparatus design, construction, running and data analysis. The course includes some lectures, but the focus lies on the practical aspects of experimenting.
Learning objective	Students learn all the different steps it takes to perform a complete particle physics experiment in a small team. They acquire skills to do this themselves in the team, including design, construction, data taking and data analysis.
402-0340-MSL	Medical Physics	W	8 credits	15P	A. J. Lomax, K. P. Prüssmann
Abstract	In agreement with the lecturers a semester paper in the context of the topics discussed in the lectures can be written.
Learning objective

GESS Science in Perspective
» see Science in Perspective: Type A: Enhancement of Reflection Capability
» Recommended Science in Perspective (Type B) for D-PHYS
» see Science in Perspective: Language Courses ETH/UZH

Master's Thesis
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
402-2000-00L	Scientific Works in Physics Target audience: Master students who cannot document to have received an adequate training in working scientifically. Directive Link	O	0 credits		C. Eichler
Abstract	Literature Review: ETH-Library, Journals in Physics, Google Scholar; Thesis Structure: The IMRAD Model; Document Processing: LaTeX and BibTeX, Mathematical Writing, AVETH Survival Guide; ETH Guidelines for Integrity; Authorship Guidelines; ETH Citation Etiquettes; Declaration of Originality.
Learning objective	Basic standards for scientific works in physics: How to write a Master Thesis. What to know about research integrity.
402-0900-30L	Master's Thesis Only students who fulfil the following criteria are allowed to begin with their master thesis: a. successful completion of the bachelor programme; b. fulfilling of any additional requirements necessary to gain admission to the master programme. c. have acquired at least 8 credits in the category Proseminars and Semester Papers. Further information: www.phys.ethz.ch/phys/education/master/msc-theses	O	30 credits	57D	Supervisors
Abstract	The master's thesis concludes the study programme. Thesis work should prove the students' ability to independent, structured and scientific working.
Learning objective

Seminars, Colloquia, and Additional Courses
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
529-4000-00L	Chemistry	Z	4 credits	3G	E. C. Meister
Abstract	Introduction to chemistry with aspects of inorganic, organic and physical chemistry.
Learning objective	- Understanding of simple models of chemical bonding and the three-dimensional molecular structure - Quantitative description of selected chemical systems by means of reaction equations and equilibria - Understanding of fundamental concepts of chemical kinetics (e.g. reaction order, rate law, rate constant)
Content	Periodic system of the elements, chemical bonding (LCAO-MO), molecular structure (VSEPR), reactions, equilibria, chemical kinetics.
Lecture notes	Handouts of lecture presentations and additional supporting information will be offered.
Literature	C.E. Housecroft, E.C. Constable, Chemistry. An Introduction to Organic, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, 4th ed., Pearson: Harlow 2010. C.E. Mortimer, U. Müller, Chemie, 11. Auflage, Thieme: Stuttgart 2014.
402-0101-00L	The Zurich Physics Colloquium	E-	0 credits	1K	S. Huber, A. Refregier, University lecturers
Abstract	Research colloquium
Learning objective	The goal of this event is to bring you closer to current day research in all fields of physics. In each semester we have a set of distinguished speakers covering the full range of topics in physics. As a participating student should learn how to follow a research talk. In particular, you should be able to extract key points from a colloquium where you don't necessarily understand every detail that is presented.
402-0800-00L	The Zurich Theoretical Physics Colloquium	E-	0 credits	1K	O. Zilberberg, University lecturers
Abstract	Research colloquium
Learning objective
Prerequisites / Notice	Talks in German are also possible.
402-0501-00L	Solid State Physics	E-	0 credits	1S	C. Degen, K. Ensslin, D. Pescia, M. Sigrist, A. Wallraff, A. Zheludev
Abstract	Research colloquium
Learning objective
402-0551-00L	Laser Seminar	E-	0 credits	1S	T. Esslinger, J. Faist, J. Home, A. Imamoglu, U. Keller, F. Merkt, H. J. Wörner
Abstract	Research colloquium
Learning objective
402-0600-00L	Nuclear and Particle Physics with Applications	E-	0 credits	2S	A. Rubbia, G. Dissertori, K. S. Kirch, R. Wallny
Abstract	Research colloquium, with a particular emphasis on IPA-related research topics.
Learning objective	Widen the horizon on the physics topics relevant for our IPA groups. In addition, it shall provide opportunities to share and exchange scientific ideas.
402-0700-00L	Seminar in Elementary Particle Physics	E-	0 credits	1S	M. Spira
Abstract	Research colloquium
Learning objective	Stay informed about current research results in elementary particle physics.
402-0746-00L	Seminar: Particle and Astrophysics (Aktuelles aus der Teilchen- und Astrophysik)	E-	0 credits	1S	University lecturers
Abstract	Research colloquium
Learning objective	The goal is to widen the horizon on the physics topics and provide opportunities to share and exchange scientific ideas.
Content	In Seminarvorträgen werden aktuelle Fragestellungen aus der Teilchenphysik vom theoretischen und experimentellen Standpunkt aus diskutiert. Besonders wichtig erscheint uns der Bezug zu den eigenen Forschungsmöglichkeiten am PSI, CERN und DESY.
402-0893-00L	Particle Physics Seminar	E-	0 credits	1S	C. Anastasiou, T. K. Gehrmann
Abstract	Research colloquium
Learning objective
Prerequisites / Notice	Occasionally, talks may be delivered in German.
402-0530-00L	Mesoscopic Systems	E-	0 credits	1S	T. M. Ihn
Abstract	Research colloquium
Learning objective	Students are able to understand modern experiments in the field of mesoscopic systems and nanostructures. They can present their own results, critically reflect published research in this field, explain both to an audience of physicists, and participate in a critical and constructive scientific discussion.
402-0620-00L	Current Topics in Accelerator Mass Spectrometry and Its Applicatons	E-	0 credits	1S	M. Christl, S. Willett
Abstract	The seminar is aimed at all students who, during their studies, are confronted with age determination methods based on long-living radionuclides found in nature. Basic methodology, the latest developments, and special examples from a wide range of applications will be discussed.
Learning objective	The seminar provides the participants an overview about newest trends and developments of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and related applications. In their talks and subsequent discussions the participants learn intensively about the newest trends in the field of AMS thus attaining a broad knowledge on both, the physical principles and the applications of AMS, which goes far beyond the horizon of their own studies.
227-0980-00L	Seminar on Biomedical Magnetic Resonance	E-	0 credits	1S	K. P. Prüssmann, S. Kozerke, M. Weiger Senften
Abstract	Current developments and problems of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Learning objective	Getting insight into advanced topics in magnetic resonance imaging
402-0396-00L	Recent Research Highlights in Astrophysics (University of Zurich) No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH. UZH Module Code: AST006.1 Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH: https://www.uzh.ch/cmsssl/en/studies/application/deadlines.html	E-	0 credits	1S	University lecturers
Abstract	Research colloquium
Learning objective
401-5330-00L	Talks in Mathematical Physics	E-	0 credits	1K	A. Cattaneo, G. Felder, M. Gaberdiel, G. M. Graf, T. H. Willwacher, University lecturers
Abstract	Research colloquium
Learning objective
Content	Forschungsseminar mit wechselnden Themen aus dem Gebiet der mathematischen Physik.
227-1043-00L	Neuroinformatics - Colloquia (University of Zurich) No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH. UZH Module Code: INI701 https://www.uzh.ch/cmsssl/en/studies/application/deadlines.html	E-	0 credits	1K	S.‑C. Liu, R. Hahnloser, V. Mante
Abstract	The colloquium in Neuroinformatics is a series of lectures given by invited experts. The lecture topics reflect the current themes in neurobiology and neuromorphic engineering that are relevant for our Institute.
Learning objective	The goal of these talks is to provide insight into recent research results. The talks are not meant for the general public, but really aimed at specialists in the field.
Content	The topics depend heavily on the invited speakers, and thus change from week to week. All topics concern neural computation and their implementation in biological or artificial systems.
402-0300-00L	IPA Colloquium	E-	0 credits	1S	A. Biland, A. Refregier, H. M. Schmid, further lecturers
Abstract	Research colloquium, with a particular emphasis on IPA-related research topics.
Learning objective	"The goal is to widen the horizon on the physics topics investigated inhouse by the IPA groups. In addition, it shall provide opportunities to share and exchange scientific ideas among the IPA people."

Course Units for Additional Admission Requirements The courses below are only available for MSc students with additional admission requirements.
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
406-0204-AAL	Electrodynamics Enrolment ONLY for MSc students with a decree declaring this course unit as an additional admission requirement. Any other students (e.g. incoming exchange students, doctoral students) CANNOT enrol for this course unit.	E-	7 credits	15R	C. Anastasiou
Abstract	Derivation and discussion of Maxwell's equations, from the static limit to the full dynamical case. Wave equation, waveguides, cavities. Generation of electromagnetic radiation, scattering and diffraction of light. Structure of Maxwell's equations, relativity theory and covariance, Lagrangian formulation. Dynamics of relativistic particles in the presence of fields and radiation properties.
Learning objective	Develop a physical understanding for static and dynamic phenomena related to (moving) charged objects and understand the structure of the classical field theory of electrodynamics (transverse versus longitudinal physics, invariances (Lorentz-, gauge-)). Appreciate the interrelation between electric, magnetic, and optical phenomena and the influence of media. Understand a set of classic electrodynamical phenomena and develop the ability to solve simple problems independently. Apply previously learned mathematical concepts (vector analysis, complete systems of functions, Green's functions, co- and contravariant coordinates, etc.). Prepare for quantum mechanics (eigenvalue problems, wave guides and cavities).
Content	Classical field theory of electrodynamics: Derivation and discussion of Maxwell equations, starting from the static limit (electrostatics, magnetostatics, boundary value problems) in the vacuum and in media and subsequent generalization to the full dynamical case (Faraday's law, Ampere/Maxwell law; potentials and gauge invariance). Wave equation and solutions in full space, half-space (Snell's law), waveguides, cavities, generation of electromagnetic radiation, scattering and diffraction of light (optics). Application to various specific examples. Discussion of the structure of Maxwell's equations, Lorentz invariance, relativity theory and covariance, Lagrangian formulation. Dynamics of relativistic particles in the presence of fields and their radiation properties (synchrotron).
Literature	J.D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics W.K.H Panovsky and M. Phillis, Classical electricity and magnetism L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz, and L.P. Pitaevskii, Electrodynamics of continuus media A. Sommerfeld, Electrodynamics / Optics (Lectures on Theoretical Physics) M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of optics R. Feynman, R. Leighton, and M. Sands, The Feynman Lectures of Physics, Vol II
406-0663-AAL	Numerical Methods for CSE Enrolment ONLY for MSc students with a decree declaring this course unit as an additional admission requirement. Any other students (e.g. incoming exchange students, doctoral students) CANNOT enrol for this course unit.	E-	8 credits	17R	R. Hiptmair
Abstract	Introduction into fundamental techniques and algorithms of numerical mathematics which play a central role in numerical simulations in science and technology.
Learning objective	* Knowledge of the fundamental algorithms in numerical mathematics * Knowledge of the essential terms in numerical mathematics and the techniques used for the analysis of numerical algorithms * Ability to choose the appropriate numerical method for concrete problems * Ability to interpret numerical results * Ability to implement numerical algorithms afficiently in C++
Content	1. Computing with Matrices and Vectors 2. Direct Methods for Linear Systems of Equations 3. Direct Methods for Linear Least Squares Problems 4. Filtering Algorithms 5. Data Interpolation and Data Fitting in 1D 6. Approximation of Functions in 1D 7. Numerical Quadrature 8. Iterative Methods for Non-linear Systems of Equations 12. Numerical Integration - Single Step Methods 13. Single Step Methods for Stiff Initial Value Problems
Lecture notes	https://people.math.ethz.ch/~grsam/HS16/NumCSE/NumCSE16.pdf
Literature	W. Dahmen, A. Reusken "Numerik für Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler", Springer 2006. M. Hanke-Bourgeois "Grundlagen der Numerischen Mathematik und des wissenschaftlichen Rechnens", BG Teubner, 2002 P. Deuflhard and A. Hohmann, "Numerische Mathematik I", DeGruyter, 2002 U. Ascher and C. Greif "A first course in Numerical Methods"
Prerequisites / Notice	Examination will be conducted at the computer and will involve coding in C++/Eigen. A course covering the material is taught in English every autumn term (course unit 401-0663-00L). Course documents, exercises and examinations are available online.

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