Suchergebnis: Katalogdaten im Herbstsemester 2022

Nummer	Titel	Typ	ECTS	Umfang	Dozierende
Biomedical Engineering Master
Vertiefungsfächer
Medical Physics
Wahlfächer der Vertiefung Diese Fächer sind für die Vertiefung in Medical Physics besonders empfohlen. Bei abweichender Fächerwahl konsultieren Sie bitte den Track Adviser.
402-0674-00L	Physics in Medical Research: From Atoms to Cells	W	6 KP	2V + 1U	B. K. R. Müller
Kurzbeschreibung	Scanning probe and diffraction techniques allow studying activated atomic processes during early stages of epitaxial growth. For quantitative description, rate equation analysis, mean-field nucleation and scaling theories are applied on systems ranging from simple metallic to complex organic materials. The knowledge is expanded to optical and electronic properties as well as to proteins and cells.
Lernziel	The lecture series is motivated by an overview covering the skin of the crystals, roughness analysis, contact angle measurements, protein absorption/activity and monocyte behaviour. As the first step, real structures on clean surfaces including surface reconstructions and surface relaxations, defects in crystals are presented, before the preparation of clean metallic, semiconducting, oxidic and organic surfaces are introduced. The atomic processes on surfaces are activated by the increase of the substrate temperature. They can be studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The combination with molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) allows determining the sizes of the critical nuclei and the other activated processes in a hierarchical fashion. The evolution of the surface morphology is characterized by the density and size distribution of the nanostructures that could be quantified by means of the rate equation analysis, the mean-field nucleation theory, as well as the scaling theory. The surface morphology is further characterized by defects and nanostructure's shapes, which are based on the strain relieving mechanisms and kinetic growth processes. High-resolution electron diffraction is complementary to scanning probe techniques and provides exact mean values. Some phenomena are quantitatively described by the kinematic theory and perfectly understood by means of the Ewald construction. Other phenomena need to be described by the more complex dynamical theory. Electron diffraction is not only associated with elastic scattering but also inelastic excitation mechanisms that reflect the electronic structure of the surfaces studied. Low-energy electrons lead to phonon and high-energy electrons to plasmon excitations. Both effects are perfectly described by dipole and impact scattering. Thin-films of rather complex organic materials are often quantitatively characterized by photons with a broad range of wavelengths from ultra-violet to infra-red light. Asymmetries and preferential orientations of the (anisotropic) molecules are verified using the optical dichroism and second harmonic generation measurements. Recently, ellipsometry has been introduced to on-line monitor film thickness, and roughness with sub-nanometer precision. These characterisation techniques are vital for optimising the preparation of medical implants. Cell-surface interactions are related to the cell adhesion and the contractile cellular forces. Physical means have been developed to quantify these interactions. Other physical techniques are introduced in cell biology, namely to count and sort cells, to study cell proliferation and metabolism and to determine the relation between cell morphology and function. X rays are more and more often used to characterise the human tissues down to the nanometer level. The combination of highly intense beams only some micrometers in diameter with scanning enables spatially resolved measurements and the determination of tissue's anisotropies of biopsies.
227-0941-00L	Physics and Mathematics of Radiotherapy Planning (University of Zurich) No enrolment to this course at ETH Zurich. Book the corresponding module directly at UZH as an incoming student. UZH Module Code: PHY471 https://www.uzh.ch/cmsssl/en/studies/application/chmobilityin.html Mind the enrolment deadlines at UZH: https://www.uzh.ch/cmsssl/en/studies/application/deadlines.html	W	6 KP	3G	Uni-Dozierende
Kurzbeschreibung	This lecture will provide a detailed introduction to radiotherapy treatment planning. The course considers the physical interactions of radiation in tissue, the mathematical aspects of treatment planning and additional aspects of central importance for radiotherapy planning.
Lernziel	Students shall develop a thorough understanding of the foundations of radiotherapy from a physics and mathematics perspective, focusing on algorithmic components. After completing the course students should be able to implement the main components of a radiotherapy treatment planning system.
Inhalt	Radiotherapy is one of the main treatment options against cancer. Today, more than 50% of cancer patients receive radiation as part of their treatment. Modern radiotherapy is a highly technology driven field. Research and development in medical physics has improved the precision of radiotherapy substantially. Using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), radiation can be delivered precisely to tumors while minimizing radiation exposure of heathy organs surrounding the tumor. Thereby, medical physics has provided radiation oncologists with new curative treatment approaches where previously only palliative treatments were possible. This lecture will provide a detailed introduction to radiotherapy treatment planning and will consists of three blocks: 1. The first part of the course considers the physical interactions of radiation in tissue. The physical interactions give rise to dose calculation algorithms, which are used to calculate the absorbed radiation dose based on a CT scan of the patient. 2. The second part considers the mathematical aspects of treatment planning. Mathematical optimization techniques are introduced, which are used in intensity-modulated radiotherapy to determine the external radiation fields that optimally irradiate the tumor while minimizing radiation dose to healthy organs. 3. The third part deals with additional aspects of central importance for radiotherapy planning. This includes biomedical imaging techniques for treatment planning and target delineation as well as image registration algorithms. The lectures are followed by computational exercises where students implement the main components of a radiotherapy treatment planning systems in two dimensions in Matlab.
Skript	Lecture slides and handouts.
Voraussetzungen / Besonderes	Basic programming skills in Matlab (or willingness to learn) are needed for the exercises. Basic knowledge of calculus is needed, approximately corresponding to the 3rd year of a bachelor degree in physics, mathematics, computer science, engineering or comparable discipline.

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