Suchergebnis: Katalogdaten im Herbstsemester 2016

MAS in Medizinphysik Information
Fachrichtung: Allg. Medizinphysik und Biomedizinisches Ingenieurwesen
Vertiefung Biocompatible Materials
Kernfächer
NummerTitelTypECTSUmfangDozierende
227-0965-00LMicro and Nano-Tomography of Biological TissuesW4 KP3GM. Stampanoni, P. A. Kaestner
KurzbeschreibungEinführung in die physikalischen und technischen Grundkenntnisse der tomographischen Röntgenmikroskopie. Verschiedene Röntgenbasierten-Abbildungsmechanismen (Absorptions-, Phasen- und Dunkelfeld-Kontrast) werden erklärt und deren Einsatz in der aktuellen Forschung vorgestellt, insbesondere in der Biologie. Die quantitative Auswertung tomographische Datensätzen wird ausführlich beigebracht.
LernzielEinführung in die Grundlagen der Röntgentomographie auf der Mikrometer- und Nanometerskala, sowie in die entsprechenden Bildbearbeitungs- und Quantifizierungsmethoden, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von biologischen Anwendungen.
InhaltSynchrotron basierte Röntgenmikro- und Nanotomographie ist heutzutage eine leistungsfähige Technik für die hochaufgelösten zerstörungsfreien Untersuchungen einer Vielfalt von Materialien. Die aussergewöhnlichen Stärke und Kohärenz der Strahlung einer Synchrotronquelle der dritten Generation erlauben quantitative drei-dimensionale Aufnahmen auf der Mikro- und Nanometerskala und erweitern die klassischen Absorption-basierten Verfahrensweisen auf die kontrastreicheren kantenverstärkten und phasenempfindlichen Methoden, die für die Analyse von biologischen Proben besonders geeignet sind.

Die Vorlesung umfasst eine allgemeine Einführung in die Grundsätze der Röntgentomographie, von der Bildentstehung bis zur 3D Bildrekonstruktion. Sie liefert die physikalischen und technischen Grundkentnisse über die bildgebenden Synchrotronstrahllinien, vertieft die neusten Phasenkontrastmethoden und beschreibt die ersten Anwendungen nanotomographischer Röntgenuntersuchungen.

Schliesslich liefert der Kurs den notwendigen Hintergrund, um die quantitative Auswertung tomographischer Daten zu verstehen, von der grundlegenden Bildanalyse bis zur komplexen morphometrischen Berechnung und zur 3D-Visualisierung, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von biomedizinischen Anwendungen.
SkriptOnline verfügbar
LiteraturWird in der Vorlesung angegeben.
376-1622-00LPractical Methods in Tissue Engineering Belegung eingeschränkt - Details anzeigen
Number of participants limited to 12.
W5 KP4PK. Würtz-Kozak, M. Zenobi-Wong
KurzbeschreibungThe goal of this course is to teach MSc students the necessary skills for doing research in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
LernzielPractical exercises and demonstrations on topics including sterile cell culture, light microscopy and histology, protein and gene expression analysis, and viability assays are covered. The advantages of 3D cell cultures will be discussed and practical work on manufacturing and evaluating hydrogels and scaffolds for tissue engineering will be performed in small groups. In addition to practical lab work, the course will teach skills in data acquisition/analysis.
376-1714-00LBiocompatible MaterialsW4 KP3GK. Maniura, J. Möller, M. Zenobi-Wong
KurzbeschreibungIntroduction to molecules used for biomaterials, molecular interactions between different materials and biological systems (molecules, cells, tissues). The concept of biocompatibility is discussed and important techniques from biomaterials research and development are introduced.
LernzielThe class consists of three parts:
1. Introdcution into molecular characteristics of molecules involved in the materials-to-biology interface. Molecular design of biomaterials.
2. The concept of biocompatibility.
3. Introduction into methodology used in biomaterials research and application.
InhaltIntroduction into native and polymeric biomaterials used for medical applications. The concepts of biocompatibility, biodegradation and the consequences of degradation products are discussed on the molecular level. Different classes of materials with respect to potential applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery are introduced. Strong focus lies on the molecular interactions between materials having very different bulk and/or surface chemistry with living cells, tissues and organs. In particular the interface between the materials surfaces and the eukaryotic cell surface and possible reactions of the cells with an implant material are elucidated. Techniques to design, produce and characterize materials in vitro as well as in vivo analysis of implanted and explanted materials are discussed.
In addition, a link between academic research and industrial entrepreneurship is established by external guest speakers.
SkriptHandouts can be accessed online.
LiteraturLiteratur
Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, Ratner B.D. et al, 3rd Edition, 2013
Comprehensive Biomaterials, Ducheyne P. et al., 1st Edition, 2011

(available online via ETH library)

Handouts provided during the classes and references therin.
Praktika
NummerTitelTypECTSUmfangDozierende
465-0800-00LPractical Work Belegung eingeschränkt - Details anzeigen
Nur für MAS in Medizinphysik
O4 KPexterne Veranstalter
KurzbeschreibungThe practical work is designed to train the students in the solution of a specific problem and provides insights in the field of the selected MAS specialization. Tutors propose the subject of the project, the project plan, and the roadmap together with the student, as well as monitor the overall execution.
LernzielThe practical work is aimed at training the student’s capability to apply and connect specific skills acquired during the MAS specialization program towards the solution of a focused problem.
Wahlfächer
NummerTitelTypECTSUmfangDozierende
151-0255-00LEnergy Conversion and Transport in BiosystemsW4 KP2V + 1UD. Poulikakos, A. Ferrari
KurzbeschreibungTheorie und Anwendung von Thermodynamik und Energieerhaltung in biologischen Systemen mit Schwerpunkt auf Zellebene.
LernzielTheorie und Anwendung von Energieerhaltung auf Zellebene. Verständnis für die grundlegenden Stofftransport-Kreisläufe in menschlichen Zellen und die Mechanismen, welche diese Kreisläufe beeinflussen. Parallelen zu anderen Gebieten im Ingenieurswesen erkennen. Wärme- und Massentransport Prozesse in der Zelle, Kraft Entwicklung der Zelle, und die Verbindung zu modernen biomedizinischen Technologien.
InhaltMassentransportmodelle für den Transport von chemischen Spezies in der menschlichen Zelle. Organisation und Funktion der Zellmembran und des Zytoskeletts. Die Rolle molekularer Motoren in der Kraftentwicklung der Zelle und deren Funktion in der Fortbewegung der Zelle. Beschreibung der Funktionsweise dieser Systeme sowie der experimentellen Analyse und Simulationen um sie besser zu verstehen. Einführung in den Zell-Metabolismus, Zell-Energietransport und die Zelluläre Thermodynamik.
SkriptKursmaterial wird in Form von Hand-outs verteilt.
LiteraturNotizen sowie Referenzen aus der Vorlesung.
327-1101-00LBiomineralization Information W2 KP2GK.‑H. Ernst
KurzbeschreibungThe course addresses undergraduate and graduate students interested in getting introduced into the basic concepts of biomineralization.
LernzielThe course aims to introduce the basic concepts of biomineralization and the underlying principles, such as supersaturation, nucleation and growth of minerals, the interaction of biomolecules with mineral surfaces, and cell biology of inorganic materials creation. An important part of this class is the independent study and the presentation of original literature from the field.
InhaltBiomineralization is a multidisciplinary field. Topics dealing with biology, molecular and cell biology, solid state physics, mineralogy, crystallography, organic and physical chemistry, biochemistry, dentistry, oceanography, geology, etc. are addressed. The course covers definition and general concepts of biomineralization (BM)/ types of biominerals and their function / crystal nucleation and growth / biological induction of BM / control of crystal morphology, habit, shape and orientation by organisms / strategies of compartmentalization / the interface between biomolecules (peptides, polysaccharides) and the mineral phase / modern experimental methods for studying BM phenomena / inter-, intra, extra- and epicellular BM / organic templates and matrices for BM / structure of bone, teeth (vertebrates and invertebrates) and mollusk shells / calcification / silification in diatoms, radiolaria and plants / calcium and iron storage / impact of BM on lithosphere and atmosphere/ evolution / taxonomy of organisms.

1. Introduction and overview
2. Biominerals and their functions
3. Chemical control of biomineralization
4. Control of morphology: Organic templates and additives
5. Modern methods of investigation of BM
6. BM in matrices: bone and nacre
7. Vertebrate teeth
8. Invertebrate teeth
9. BM within vesicles: calcite of coccoliths
10. Silica
11. Iron storage and mineralization
SkriptScript with more than 600 pages with many illustrations will be distributed free of charge.
Literatur1) S. Mann, Biomineralization, Oxford University Press, 2001, Oxford, New York
2) H. Lowenstam, S. Weiner, On Biomineralization, Oxford University Press, 1989, Oxford
3) P. M. Dove, J. J. DeYoreo, S. Weiner (Eds.) Biomineralization, Reviews in Mineralogoy & Geochemistry Vol. 54, 2003
Voraussetzungen / BesonderesEach attendee is required to present a publication from the field. The selection of key papers is provided by the lecturer.
No special requirements are needed for attending. Basic knowledge in chemistry and cell biology is expected.
376-1103-00LFrontiers in NanotechnologyW4 KP4VV. Vogel, weitere Dozierende
KurzbeschreibungMany disciplines are meeting at the nanoscale, from physics, chemistry to engineering, from the life sciences to medicine. The course will prepare students to communicate more effectively across disciplinary boundaries, and will provide them with deep insights into the various frontiers.
LernzielBuilding upon advanced technologies to create, visualize, analyze and manipulate nano-structures, as well as to probe their nano-chemistry, nano-mechanics and other properties within manmade and living systems, many exciting discoveries are currently made. They change the way we do science and result in so many new technologies.

The goal of the course is to give Master and Graduate students from all interested departments an overview of what nanotechnology is all about, from analytical techniques to nanosystems, from physics to biology. Students will start to appreciate the extent to which scientific communities are meeting at the nanoscale. They will learn about the specific challenges and what is currently “sizzling” in the respective fields, and learn the vocabulary that is necessary to communicate effectively across departmental boundaries.

Each lecturer will first give an overview of the state-of-the art in his/her field, and then describe the research highlights in his/her own research group. While preparing their Final Projects and discussing them in front of the class, the students will deepen their understanding of how to apply a range of new technologies to solve specific scientific problems and technical challenges. Exposure to the different frontiers will also improve their ability to conduct effective nanoscale research, recognize the broader significance of their work and to start collaborations.
InhaltStarting with the fabrication and analysis of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials that enable a variety of scientific and technical applications, we will transition to discussing biological nanosystems, how they work and what bioinspired engineering principles can be derived, to finally discussing biomedical applications and potential health risk issues. Scientific aspects as well as the many of the emerging technologies will be covered that start impacting so many aspects of our lives. This includes new phenomena in physics, advanced materials, novel technologies and new methods to address major medical challenges.
SkriptAll the enrolled students will get access to a password protected website where they can find pdf files of the lecture notes, and typically 1-2 journal articles per lecture that cover selected topics.
402-0674-00LPhysics in Medical Research: From Atoms to Cells Information W6 KP2V + 1UB. K. R. Müller
KurzbeschreibungScanning probe and diffraction techniques allow studying activated atomic processes during early stages of epitaxial growth. For quantitative description, rate equation analysis, mean-field nucleation and scaling theories are applied on systems ranging from simple metallic to complex organic materials. The knowledge is expanded to optical and electronic properties as well as to proteins and cells.
LernzielThe lecture series is motivated by an overview covering the skin of the crystals, roughness analysis, contact angle measurements, protein absorption/activity and monocyte behaviour.

As the first step, real structures on clean surfaces including surface reconstructions and surface relaxations, defects in crystals are presented, before the preparation of clean metallic, semiconducting, oxidic and organic surfaces are introduced.

The atomic processes on surfaces are activated by the increase of the substrate temperature. They can be studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The combination with molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) allows determining the sizes of the critical nuclei and the other activated processes in a hierarchical fashion. The evolution of the surface morphology is characterized by the density and size distribution of the nanostructures that could be quantified by means of the rate equation analysis, the mean-field nucleation theory, as well as the scaling theory. The surface morphology is further characterized by defects and nanostructure's shapes, which are based on the strain relieving mechanisms and kinetic growth processes.

High-resolution electron diffraction is complementary to scanning probe techniques and provides exact mean values. Some phenomena are quantitatively described by the kinematic theory and perfectly understood by means of the Ewald construction. Other phenomena need to be described by the more complex dynamical theory. Electron diffraction is not only associated with elastic scattering but also inelastic excitation mechanisms that reflect the electronic structure of the surfaces studied. Low-energy electrons lead to phonon and high-energy electrons to plasmon excitations. Both effects are perfectly described by dipole and impact scattering.

Thin-films of rather complex organic materials are often quantitatively characterized by photons with a broad range of wavelengths from ultra-violet to infra-red light. Asymmetries and preferential orientations of the (anisotropic) molecules are verified using the optical dichroism and second harmonic generation measurements. These characterization techniques are vital for optimizing the preparation of medical implants and the determination of tissue's anisotropies within the human body.

Cell-surface interactions are related to the cell adhesion and the contractile cellular forces. Physical means have been developed to quantify these interactions. Other physical techniques are introduced in cell biology, namely to count and sort cells, to study cell proliferation and metabolism and to determine the relation between cell morphology and function.

3D scaffolds are important for tissue augmentation and engineering. Design, preparation methods, and characterization of these highly porous 3D microstructures are also presented.

Visiting clinical research in a leading university hospital will show the usefulness of the lecture series.
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