Suchergebnis: Katalogdaten im Herbstsemester 2018
Erdwissenschaften Master  | ||||||
 Vertiefung in Mineralogy and Geochemistry | ||||||
| Wahlpflichtmodule Mineralogy und Geochemistry Innerhalb der Majors Mineralogy and Geochemistry sind mindestens zwei Wahlpflichtmodule zu absolvieren. | ||||||
| Mineralogy and Petrology | ||||||
| Mineralogy and Petrology: Obligatorische Fächer | ||||||
| Nummer | Titel | Typ | ECTS | Umfang | Dozierende | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 651-4028-00L | Physical Properties of Minerals | W+ | 3 KP | 2G | E. Reusser, M. Murakami | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | Physical properties of minerals, e.g. electrical properties, elasticitcal properties are discussed. The effect of the crystal symmetry on the symmetry of physical properties as well as the mathematical formulation of the physical properties are major topics. | |||||
| Lernziel | ||||||
| 651-4039-00L | Thermodynamics Applied to Earth Materials | W+ | 3 KP | 2G | J. Connolly | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | This course develops the thermodynamic concepts necessary to predict phase equilibria and to compute physical properties from thermodynamic data. | |||||
| Lernziel | To provide students with the conceptual and practical skills necessary to implement thermodynamic models and data as provided in the earth science literature. The computer software package Maple is relied upon to allow students to solve realistic problems without the distraction of mathematical details. | |||||
| Inhalt | Elementary concepts (1st and 2nd Laws; composition, state and extent); stability criteria; Legendre transforms; Maxwell relations and other manipulations of thermodynamic functions; calculation of Gibbs energy for a pure solid; simple solution models; order-disorder solution models; reciprocal solution models; equations of state for molecular fluids; free energy minimization. This course is neither an introduction to computer methods for calculating petrological phase equilibria nor an introduction to phase diagram methods. | |||||
| Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | The grade for the course is based on exercises assigned as homework. Some familiarity with elementary thermodynamics (phase rule, reactions) and mathematics (differentiation, integration) is assumed. Experience with Maple or comparable programs such as Mathematica is helpful. | |||||
| Mineralogy and Petrology: Wahlpflichtfächer | ||||||
| Nummer | Titel | Typ | ECTS | Umfang | Dozierende | |
| 651-4063-00L | X-ray Powder Diffraction  Maximale Teilnehmerzahl: 36 | W | 3 KP | 2G | M. Plötze | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | In the course the students learn to measure X-ray diffraction patterns of minerals and to evaluate these using different software for qualitative and quantitative mineral composition as well as crystallographic parameters. | |||||
| Lernziel | Upon successful completion of this course students are able to: - describe the principle of X-ray diffraction analysis - carry out a qualitative and quantitative mineralogical analysis independently, - critically assess the data, - communicate the results in a scientific report. | |||||
| Inhalt | Fundamental principles of X-ray diffraction Setup and operation of X-ray diffractometers Interpretation of powder diffraction data Qualitative and quantitative phase analysis of crystalline powders (e.g. with Rietveld analysis) | |||||
| Skript | Selected handouts will be made available in the lecture | |||||
| Literatur | ALLMANN, R.: Röntgen-Pulverdiffraktometrie : Rechnergestützte Auswertung, Phasenanalyse und Strukturbestimmung Berlin : Springer, 2003. DINNEBIER, R.E. et al.: Powder Diffraction. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2008. (http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/eBook/978-0-85404-231-9) PECHARSKY, V.K. and ZAVALIJ, P.Y: Fundamentals of Powder Diffraction and Structural Characterization of Materials. Springer, 2009. (http://www.springerlink.com/content/k100xr/#section=126257&page=1) | |||||
| Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | The course includes a high portion of practical exercises in sample preparation as well as measurement and evaluation of X-ray powder diffraction data. Own sample will be analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Knowledge in mineralogy of this system is essential. Software will be provided for future use on own Laptop. | |||||
| 651-4233-00L | Geotectonic Environments and Deep Global Cycles | W | 3 KP | 2V | M. W. Schmidt, P. Ulmer | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | This course addresses master students interested in in integral view of processes operating in various tectonic environments, most specifically divergent and convergent plate margins | |||||
| Lernziel | ||||||
| 651-4097-00L | Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources I | W | 3 KP | 2G | R. Kündig | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | Die wichtigsten Rohstoffgruppen werden aus geologisch-petrographischer Sicht beleuchtet. Die industrielle und technische Rohstoffnutzung sowie wirtschaftliche und rohstoffpolitische Zusammenhänge werden erläutert. Das Verständnis für Umweltaspekte im Zusammenhang mit der Rohstoffnutzung wird gefördert. | |||||
| Lernziel | Die Studierenden sollen die wichtigsten mineralischen Rohstoffgruppen aus geologisch-petrographischer Sicht verstehen und die Rohstoffnutzung, insbesondere die industrielle und technische Verwertung/Bedeutung sowie wirtschaftliche und rohstoffpolitische Zusammenhänge kennen lernen. Das Verständnis für verschiedene Umweltaspekte im Zusammenhang mit der Rohstoffnutzung wird gefördert. | |||||
| Inhalt | Der Unterricht beinhaltet neben Vorlesungen auch Fallbeispiele und Exkursionen (Industirie, rohstoffverarbeitende Betriebe). Herbstsemester -> Applied mineralogy and non-metallic ressources I: Vorkommen, Gewinnung und Anwendung mineralischer Rohstoffe - klassische und unkonventionelle Rohstoffe. Neue Technologien. Industrielle Anwendungen. Weltmarktsituation, Rohstoffländer. Vorräte, mögliche Verknappung. Umweltaspekte (inkl. Belastungen) durch Abbau und Anwendung. Lektionen/Rohstoffgruppen: Kohle und Kohlenstoff (Kohle, Graphit, Diamant); Erdöl, Erdgas (Oelsande; Teerschiefer); Phosphate/Nitrate (Dünger); Aluminium (Bauxit, Korund); Steinsalz; Kalziumkarbonate; Titanoxide; Borminerale; Tone und Tonminerale; Schwefel; Anhydrit/Gips; Baryt; Fluorit; Asbest; Talk; Glimmer; seltene Erden. Frühlingssemester -> Applied mineralogy and non-metallic ressources II: Steine und Erden (Kies, Sand, Splitt), Natursteine, Zementrohstoffe. Lektionen/Rohstoffgruppen: Fallbeispiele in angewandter Mineralogie (Sanierungen, Projektplanung, reaktive Bohrpfähle); Natursteine (Definitionen, Steinbrüche, Industrie, Produkte und Anforderungen); Zement und Beton (Rohstoffe, Prospektion, Herstellung, Umwelt); Gebrochene Festgesteine (Planung/Umwelt, Langzeitsicherung, Rohstoffpolitik, veränderte Wahrnehmung von Rohstoffen); Exkursion(en). | |||||
| Skript | Wird zu den einzelnen Rohstoffarten und entsprechend Methode als Beilagen abgegeben. Skript in Textform und Auswahl von Powerpoint-Folien als Grafiken. Teilweiser Einbezug von e-learning Methoden. | |||||
| Literatur | - Walter L. Pohl (2011): Economic Geology - Principles and Practice. Wiley-Blackwell, 664 p., ISBN 978-1-4443-3663-4 - Harben, P.W. (2002): The Industrial Minerals Handybook. A Guide to Markets, Specifications & Prices. Industrial Mineral Information, London 412 S., ISBN 1-904333-04-4 - Schweizerische Geotechnische Kommission (1996): Die mineralischen Rohstoffe der Schweiz.- Herausgegeben von der Schw. Geotech. Komm., Zürich, 522 S., ISBN 3-907997-00-X - Geotechnische Karte der Schweiz 1:200 000, 2. Aufl. Schweiz. Geotechn. Komm. - Trueb, L.F. (1996): Die chemischen Elemente - Ein Streifzug durch das Periodensystem. S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart, 416 S., ISBN 3-7776-0674-X - Kesler, S. E. (1994): Mineral Resources, Economics and the Environment.- Macmillan College Publishing Company, Inc., New York., 392 S., ISBN 0-02-362842-1 | |||||
| Petrology and Volcanology | ||||||
| Petrology and Volcanology: Obligatorische Fächer Die obligatorischen Fächer finden im FS statt. | ||||||
| Petrology and Volcanology: Wahlpflichtfächer | ||||||
| Nummer | Titel | Typ | ECTS | Umfang | Dozierende | |
| 651-4063-00L | X-ray Powder Diffraction Maximale Teilnehmerzahl: 36 | W | 3 KP | 2G | M. Plötze | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | In the course the students learn to measure X-ray diffraction patterns of minerals and to evaluate these using different software for qualitative and quantitative mineral composition as well as crystallographic parameters. | |||||
| Lernziel | Upon successful completion of this course students are able to: - describe the principle of X-ray diffraction analysis - carry out a qualitative and quantitative mineralogical analysis independently, - critically assess the data, - communicate the results in a scientific report. | |||||
| Inhalt | Fundamental principles of X-ray diffraction Setup and operation of X-ray diffractometers Interpretation of powder diffraction data Qualitative and quantitative phase analysis of crystalline powders (e.g. with Rietveld analysis) | |||||
| Skript | Selected handouts will be made available in the lecture | |||||
| Literatur | ALLMANN, R.: Röntgen-Pulverdiffraktometrie : Rechnergestützte Auswertung, Phasenanalyse und Strukturbestimmung Berlin : Springer, 2003. DINNEBIER, R.E. et al.: Powder Diffraction. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2008. (http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/eBook/978-0-85404-231-9) PECHARSKY, V.K. and ZAVALIJ, P.Y: Fundamentals of Powder Diffraction and Structural Characterization of Materials. Springer, 2009. (http://www.springerlink.com/content/k100xr/#section=126257&page=1) | |||||
| Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | The course includes a high portion of practical exercises in sample preparation as well as measurement and evaluation of X-ray powder diffraction data. Own sample will be analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Knowledge in mineralogy of this system is essential. Software will be provided for future use on own Laptop. | |||||
| 651-4233-00L | Geotectonic Environments and Deep Global Cycles | W | 3 KP | 2V | M. W. Schmidt, P. Ulmer | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | This course addresses master students interested in in integral view of processes operating in various tectonic environments, most specifically divergent and convergent plate margins | |||||
| Lernziel | ||||||
| Mineral Resources | ||||||
| Mineral Resources: Obligatorische Fächer | ||||||
| Nummer | Titel | Typ | ECTS | Umfang | Dozierende | |
| 651-4097-00L | Applied Mineralogy and Non-Metallic Resources I | W+ | 3 KP | 2G | R. Kündig | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | Die wichtigsten Rohstoffgruppen werden aus geologisch-petrographischer Sicht beleuchtet. Die industrielle und technische Rohstoffnutzung sowie wirtschaftliche und rohstoffpolitische Zusammenhänge werden erläutert. Das Verständnis für Umweltaspekte im Zusammenhang mit der Rohstoffnutzung wird gefördert. | |||||
| Lernziel | Die Studierenden sollen die wichtigsten mineralischen Rohstoffgruppen aus geologisch-petrographischer Sicht verstehen und die Rohstoffnutzung, insbesondere die industrielle und technische Verwertung/Bedeutung sowie wirtschaftliche und rohstoffpolitische Zusammenhänge kennen lernen. Das Verständnis für verschiedene Umweltaspekte im Zusammenhang mit der Rohstoffnutzung wird gefördert. | |||||
| Inhalt | Der Unterricht beinhaltet neben Vorlesungen auch Fallbeispiele und Exkursionen (Industirie, rohstoffverarbeitende Betriebe). Herbstsemester -> Applied mineralogy and non-metallic ressources I: Vorkommen, Gewinnung und Anwendung mineralischer Rohstoffe - klassische und unkonventionelle Rohstoffe. Neue Technologien. Industrielle Anwendungen. Weltmarktsituation, Rohstoffländer. Vorräte, mögliche Verknappung. Umweltaspekte (inkl. Belastungen) durch Abbau und Anwendung. Lektionen/Rohstoffgruppen: Kohle und Kohlenstoff (Kohle, Graphit, Diamant); Erdöl, Erdgas (Oelsande; Teerschiefer); Phosphate/Nitrate (Dünger); Aluminium (Bauxit, Korund); Steinsalz; Kalziumkarbonate; Titanoxide; Borminerale; Tone und Tonminerale; Schwefel; Anhydrit/Gips; Baryt; Fluorit; Asbest; Talk; Glimmer; seltene Erden. Frühlingssemester -> Applied mineralogy and non-metallic ressources II: Steine und Erden (Kies, Sand, Splitt), Natursteine, Zementrohstoffe. Lektionen/Rohstoffgruppen: Fallbeispiele in angewandter Mineralogie (Sanierungen, Projektplanung, reaktive Bohrpfähle); Natursteine (Definitionen, Steinbrüche, Industrie, Produkte und Anforderungen); Zement und Beton (Rohstoffe, Prospektion, Herstellung, Umwelt); Gebrochene Festgesteine (Planung/Umwelt, Langzeitsicherung, Rohstoffpolitik, veränderte Wahrnehmung von Rohstoffen); Exkursion(en). | |||||
| Skript | Wird zu den einzelnen Rohstoffarten und entsprechend Methode als Beilagen abgegeben. Skript in Textform und Auswahl von Powerpoint-Folien als Grafiken. Teilweiser Einbezug von e-learning Methoden. | |||||
| Literatur | - Walter L. Pohl (2011): Economic Geology - Principles and Practice. Wiley-Blackwell, 664 p., ISBN 978-1-4443-3663-4 - Harben, P.W. (2002): The Industrial Minerals Handybook. A Guide to Markets, Specifications & Prices. Industrial Mineral Information, London 412 S., ISBN 1-904333-04-4 - Schweizerische Geotechnische Kommission (1996): Die mineralischen Rohstoffe der Schweiz.- Herausgegeben von der Schw. Geotech. Komm., Zürich, 522 S., ISBN 3-907997-00-X - Geotechnische Karte der Schweiz 1:200 000, 2. Aufl. Schweiz. Geotechn. Komm. - Trueb, L.F. (1996): Die chemischen Elemente - Ein Streifzug durch das Periodensystem. S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart, 416 S., ISBN 3-7776-0674-X - Kesler, S. E. (1994): Mineral Resources, Economics and the Environment.- Macmillan College Publishing Company, Inc., New York., 392 S., ISBN 0-02-362842-1 | |||||
| 651-4037-00L | Ore Deposits I Möglich als Wahlfach für Bachelor. Studierende mit Interesse für Modul "Mineral Resources" im nachfolgenden Master sollten die Kurse Ore Deposits I und II besser im ersten MSc Jahr belegen | W+ | 3 KP | 2G | C. A. Heinrich, O. Laurent | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | Principles of hydrothermal ore formation, using base metal deposits (Cu, Pb, Zn) in sedimentary basins to explain the interplay of geological, chemical and physical factors from global scale to sample scale. Introduction to orthomagmatic ore formation (mostly Cr, Ni, PGE). | |||||
| Lernziel | Understanding the fundamental processes of hydrothermal and magmatic ore formation, recognising and interpreting mineralised rocks in geological context | |||||
| Inhalt | (a) Principles of hydrothermal ore formation: base metal deposits in sedimentary basins. Practical classification of sample suites by genetic ore deposit types Mineral solubility and ore deposition, principles& thermodynamic prediction using activity diagrams. Stable isotopes in ore-forming hydrothermal systems (O, H, C, S) Driving forces and structural focussing of hydrothermal fluid flow (b) Introduction to orthomagmatic ore formation. Chromite, Ni-Cu sulphides and PGE in layered mafic intrusions. Distribution coefficients between silicate and sulphide melts. Carbonatites and pegmatite deposits. | |||||
| Skript | Notes handed out during lectures | |||||
| Literatur | Extensive literature list distributed in course | |||||
| Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | 2 contact hours per lecture / week including lectures, exercises and practical study of samples, and small literature-based student presentations. Supplementary contact for sample practicals and exercises as required. Credits and mark based on participation in course (exercises, 50%) and 1h written exam in the last lecture of the semester (50%). | |||||
| Mineral Resources: Wahlpflichtfächer | ||||||
| Nummer | Titel | Typ | ECTS | Umfang | Dozierende | |
| 651-4069-00L | Fluid and Melt Inclusions: Theory and Practice | W | 3 KP | 3P | C. A. Heinrich, T. Driesner, O. Laurent | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | Block course involving lectures, exercises and practical application of inclusion petrography, microthermometry, Raman and LA-ICPMS microanlysis | |||||
| Lernziel | Practical ability to carry out a meaningful fluid or melt inclusion study in the fields of geochemistry, petrology or resource geology, involving problem definition, research planning, quantitative measurements using a combination of techniques, critical interpretation and correct documentation of results. | |||||
| Skript | Handouts with extensive list of primary literature available | |||||
| Literatur | Goldstein and Reynolds (1994): CD available for in-house use | |||||
| 651-4221-00L | Numerical Modelling of Ore Forming Hydrothermal Processes Findet dieses Semester nicht statt. | W | 3 KP | 2G | T. Driesner | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | Introduction to computer tools for the simulation of hydrothermal processes. This includes fluid flow modelling and thermodynamic modelling of hydrothermal reactions. The computer programs are handed out to the students and can be run on normal laptop PCs. No programming knowledge is necessary. | |||||
| Lernziel | Learn how to use the simulation programs HYDROTHERM and Geochemist's Workbench to explore how hydrothermal or deposition works. | |||||
| Inhalt | Introduction to computer tools for the simulation of hydrothermal processes: HYDROTHERM for fluid flow simulations, Geochemist's Workbench for thermodynamic modeling. While learning the respective computer programs is an essential part of the course, the emphasis will be on using these tools to learn how the physics and chemistry of hydrothermal system actually work. | |||||
| Skript | Computer programs and course material will be distributed during the course. | |||||
| Literatur | Ingebritsen S.E., Sanford W., Neuzil C. (2006) Groundwater in geologic processes. Cambridge University Press Bethke C.M. (1996) Geochemical reaction modeling. Oxford University Press Turcotte D.L., Schubert G. (2001) Geodynamics, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press. | |||||
| 651-4034-00L | Resource Economics and Mineral Exploration Findet dieses Semester nicht statt. | W | 3 KP | 3P | C. A. Heinrich | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | Global mineral economics and the strategies of mineral exploration -- including geological, geochemical and geophysical methods, but also non-geological factors such as organisational, political and environmental aspects. Changing external lecturers. | |||||
| Lernziel | Practical understanding of the procedure of exploring a mineral prospect, based on geological analysis, exploration by drilling, resource calculation of tonnage and grade as a basis for economic evaluation for reporting to investors. | |||||
| Inhalt | This block course in will comprise 4 half-day lectures and a series of practical exercises from selection of a mineral property to discovery of mineral resources and their valuation. Teams are formed as Limited Partnership companies that have to select and bid for a mineral property offered during an auction. Each company has the same nominal budget. The highest bidder purchases the selected property, others need to purchase the remaining properties during an auction. Justification for selecting the property is justified in a report. The companies must interpret the geology of their mineral property to prepare a diamond drill program to discover and, eventually, delineate the mineral resources. This drill program is presented in a report prior to drilling. Drilling in the tri-dimensional matrix of the property is simulated using the software FOREUR, until budget lapse. The companies must select drill intervals for chemical analysis to document the extent and composition of the discovered mineralization. Portions of the mineral rights can be traded for capital between the companies. An estimate of the tonnage and grade of the discovered resource is prepared using geometric methods and GIS software (ex. Arc GIS). The ground value of the resource is estimated by a computation of the Net Smelter Return at current metal prices. The results of the exploration program are presented in a comprehensive report. | |||||
| Skript | Handouts for background information and a computer simulation program for the case-study exercise will be provided. Participants must bring a Windows-based laptop computer. | |||||
| Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | Prerequisites: Knowledge of mineral deposit-type characteristics is useful (orogenic gold, Cu-Zn VMS, Ni-Cu-PGE); at least "Ressourcen der Erde", or adequate knowledge of mineral deposits acquired by preparatory reading. Basic knowledge of ArcGIS software is important to produce maps and sections required in reports. Training exercises and tutorials will be provided in advance to prepare for the course.Taught biennially in collaboration with University of Geneva. This course is co-organised by ETH Zurich (Prof. C. Heinrich) and University of Geneva (Prof. L. Fontbote) | |||||
| Geochemistry | ||||||
| Geochemistry: Obligatorische Fächer | ||||||
| Nummer | Titel | Typ | ECTS | Umfang | Dozierende | |
| 651-4049-00L | Conceptual and Quantitative Methods in Geochemistry Der erfolgreiche Abschluss des Bachelor-Kurses Geochemie (651-3400-00L) ist für diesen Kurs Voraussetzung. | W+ | 3 KP | 2G | O. Bachmann, D. Vance, G. De Souza, A. Hunt, J. Leuthold | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | This course will introduce some of the main quantitative methods available for the quantitative treatment of geochemical data, as well as the main modelling tools. Emphasis will both be on conceptual understanding of these methods as well as on their practical application, using key software packages to analyse real geochemical datasets. | |||||
| Lernziel | Development of a basic knowledge and understanding of the main tools available for the quantitative analysis of geochemical data. | |||||
| Inhalt | The following approaches will be discussed in detail: major and trace element modelling of magmas, with application to igneous systems; methods and statistics for calculation of isochrons and model ages; reservoir dynamics and one-dimensional modelling of ocean chemistry; modelling speciation in aqueous (hydrothermal, fresh water sea water) fluids. We will discuss how these methods are applied in a range of Earth Science fields, from cosmochemistry, through mantle and crustal geochemistry, volcanology and igneous petrology, to chemical oceanography. A special emphasis will be put on dealing with geochemical problems through modeling. Where relevant, software packages will be introduced and applied to real geochemical data. | |||||
| Skript | Slides of lectures will be available. | |||||
| Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | Pre-requisite: Geochemie I and II | |||||
| 651-4227-00L | Planetary Geochemistry | W+ | 3 KP | 2G | M. Schönbächler, H. Busemann, A. Hunt | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | Formation and evolution of the solar system from a geochemical perspective | |||||
| Lernziel | To understand the formation and evolution of the solar system and its planets from a geochemical perspective | |||||
| Inhalt | The Sun and solid objects in the solar system (planets, comets, asteroids, meteorites, interplanetary dust) are discussed from a geochemical perspective. What does their present-day composition tell us about the origin, formation and evolution of the solar system? The lectures introduce the basics of the terrestrial and giant planets, comets and asteroids, gained from modern space missions and the study of extraterrestrial materials. The chemical and isotopic composition of meteorites, being the most primitive material available for study, is a further major topic. | |||||
| Skript | available electronically | |||||
| Geochemistry: Wahlpflichtfächer | ||||||
| Nummer | Titel | Typ | ECTS | Umfang | Dozierende | |
| 651-4233-00L | Geotectonic Environments and Deep Global Cycles | W | 3 KP | 2V | M. W. Schmidt, P. Ulmer | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | This course addresses master students interested in in integral view of processes operating in various tectonic environments, most specifically divergent and convergent plate margins | |||||
| Lernziel | ||||||
| 651-4057-00L | Climate History and Palaeoclimatology | W | 3 KP | 2G | H. Stoll, A. Fernandez Bremer, I. Hernández Almeida, L. M. Mejía Ramírez | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | Climate history and paleoclimatology explores how the major features of the earth's climate system have varied in the past, and the driving forces and feedbacks for these changes. The major topics include the earth's CO2 concentration and mean temperature, the size and stability of ice sheets and sea level, the amount and distribution of precipitation, and the ocean heat transport. | |||||
| Lernziel | The student will be able to describe the factors that regulate the earth's mean temperature and the distribution of different climates over the earth. Students will be able to use and understand the construction of simple quantitative models of the Earth's carbon cycle and temperature in Excel, to solve problems from the long term balancing of sinks and sources of carbon, to the Anthropogenic carbon cycle changes of the Anthropocene. Students will be able to interpret evidence of past climate changes from the main climate indicators or proxies recovered in geological records. Students will be able to use data from climate proxies to test if a given hypothesized mechanism for the climate change is supported or refuted. Students will be able to compare the magnitudes and rates of past changes in the carbon cycle, ice sheets, hydrological cycle, and ocean circulation, with predictions for climate changes over the next century to millennia. | |||||
| Inhalt | 1. Overview of elements of the climate system and earth energy balance 2. The Carbon cycle - long and short term regulation and feedbacks of atmospheric CO2. What regulates atmospheric CO2 over long tectonic timescales of millions to tens of millions of years? What are the drivers and feedbacks of transient perturbations like at the latest Palocene? What drives CO2 variations over glacial cycles and what drives it in the Anthropocene? 3. Ice sheets and sea level - What do expansionist glaciers want? What is the natural range of variation in the earth's ice sheets and the consequent effect on sea level? How do cyclic variations in the earth's orbit affect the size of ice sheets under modern climate and under past warmer climates? What conditions the mean size and stability or fragility of the large polar ice caps and is their evidence that they have dynamic behavior? What rates and magnitudes of sea level change have accompanied past ice sheet variations? When is the most recent time of sea level higher than modern, and by how much? What lessons do these have for the future? 4. Atmospheric circulation and variations in the earth's hydrological cycle - How variable are the earth's precipitation regimes? How large are the orbital scale variations in global monsoon systems? Will mean climate change El Nino frequency and intensity? What factors drive change in mid and high-latitude precipitation systems? Is there evidence that changes in water availability have played a role in the rise, demise, or dispersion of past civilizations? 5. The Ocean heat transport - How stable or fragile is the ocean heat conveyor, past and present? When did modern deepwater circulation develop? Will Greenland melting and shifts in precipitation bands, cause the North Atlantic Overturning Circulation to collapse? When and why has this happened before? | |||||
| 651-4225-00L | Topics in Geochemistry | W | 3 KP | 2G | S. Bernasconi, G. Bernasconi-Green, J.‑D. Bodénan | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | In this course we present and discuss advanced topics in geochemistry based on the critical reading of research papers. Themes include hydrothermal geochemistry, isotopes in meterorites, low temperature geochemistry and biogeochemistry. | |||||
| Lernziel | The goal of the course is discuss topics in advanced geochemistry which were not covered in other general and specialized geochemistry courses. In addition, we aim at training the student's ability to critically evaluate research papers and to summarize the findings concisely in an oral presentation. | |||||
| Inhalt | Themes will vary from year to year and suggestions from students are welcome. Some possible topics are: Organic geochemistry. Isotope geochemistry of organic matter: carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. Multiply-substituted isotopologues. Mass-independent fractionations. Mass transfer and isotopes in modern and ancient ocean-floor hydrothermal systems and subduction zone environments. Noble gas geochemistry: terrestrial and extraterrestrial applications | |||||
| Skript | None | |||||
| Literatur | Will be identified based on the chosen topic. | |||||
| 651-4010-00L | Planetary Physics and Chemistry | W | 3 KP | 2G | P. Tackley | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | This course aims to give a physical understanding of the formation, structure, dynamics and evolution of planetary bodies in our solar system and also apply it to ongoing discoveries regarding planets around other stars. | |||||
| Lernziel | The goal of this course is to enable students to understand current knowledge and uncertainties regarding the formation, structure, dynamics and evolution of planets and moons in our solar system, as well as ongoing discoveries regarding planets around other stars. Students will practice making quantitative calculations relevant to various aspects of these topics through weekly homeworks. The following gives an overview of the course content and approximate schedule (subject to change). Hours Topics 1-2 Introduction 3-4 Orbital dynamics and Tides 5-6 Solar heating and Energy transport 7-8 Planetary atmospheres 9-10 Planetary surfaces 11-12 Planetary interiors 13-14 Asteroids and Meteorites 15-16 Comets 17-18 Planetary rings 19-20 Magnetic fields and Magnetospheres 21-22 The Sun and Stars 23-24 Planetary formation 25-26 Exoplanets and Exobiology 27-28 Review | |||||
| Skript | Slides and scripts will be posted at the moodle site:https://moodle-app2.let.ethz.ch/course/view.php?id=2559 | |||||
| Literatur | It is recommended but not mandatory to buy one of these books: Fundamental Planetary Science, by Jack J. Lissauer & Imke de Pater (paperback), Cambridge University Press, 2013. (books.ch Fr64.90, amazon.co.uk £35.00, amazon.de €38.61, amazon.com $49.26). Planetary Sciences, 2nd edition, by Imke de Pater & Jack J. Lissauer (hardback), Cambridge University Press, 2010. (books.ch Fr98.90, amazon.co.uk £54.99, amazon.de €80.04, amazon.com $82.76). | |||||
| 651-4235-00L | Marine Geology and Geochemistry Findet dieses Semester nicht statt. | W | 3 KP | 2G | G. Bernasconi-Green | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | Introduction to oceanographic methods and international research programs in marine geology and an overview of physical, chemical and biological processes in modern marine environments. | |||||
| Lernziel | This course aims at giving an overview of oceanographic methods and an understanding of physical, chemical and biological processes in modern marine environments. This course will combine lectures and student participation. Student presentations are based on critical reading of research papers and integration of data and results from international oceanographic programs and ocean drilling. | |||||
| Inhalt | Specific topics will be chosen to examine processes of crustal formation, alteration, mass transfer and biological activity in mid-ocean ridge, continental margin and subduction zone settings, with consideration of data and new results obtained from international oceanographic programs and from DSDP, ODP and IODP drilling. Student participation and discussions are based on critical reading of research papers, use of internet-based data, and web-based cruise results. Requirements to obtain credit points are oral or poster presentations and a short written summary of selected themes. | |||||
| Skript | No formal skript will be distributed. Handouts will be given, where necessary. These will consist of the most important diagrams presented in the lectures. The students are expected to take their own notes and consult the literature for more details. | |||||
| Literatur | Lists of literature relevant to the selected topics will be handed out in the course. | |||||
| Voraussetzungen / Besonderes | This course is offered every 2 years. | |||||
| 651-4229-00L | Advanced Geochronology | W | 3 KP | 2G | M. Guillong, H. Busemann, M. G. Fellin, A. Liati, A. Quadt Wykradt-Hüchtenbruck, J.‑F. Wotzlaw | |
| Kurzbeschreibung | This lecture gives an overview on geochronology. Several in their field specialized lecturers cover the principles and methods and will give insight into recent applications and research projects. | |||||
| Lernziel | The purpose of this lecture is to provide a comprehensive overview of: a) the different radiometric methods in Geology, the different dating tasks and the constraints put by the complexity of natural systems, including dating by cosmogenic nuclides, b) the various analytical tools available today for radiometric dating, their advantages and disadvantages, c) the use of noble gases in Geochemistry and d) detailed description of case studies, as examples of approach of a number of geological problems and interpretation of the data. At the end students know the different isotope systems, methods and their application. Understand literature and critical reading and interpretation of published data is possible. For simple geochronological questions they can describe a scientific approach and possible solution. | |||||
| Inhalt | 1. Introduction, History of Geochronology, Overview of isotopic systems, dating methods. 2. U-Th-Pb system, focus on ion microprobe; zircon in radiometric dating 3. Zircon dating of HP/HT metamorphic rocks; data interpretation; case studies 4. Fission-track dating 5. (U-Th)/He dating 6. Laser ablation ICP-MS instrumentation and methods for dating. 7. Application of LA-ICP MS to Geochronology examples from recent research projects. 8. K-Ar and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology , Principles and applications 9. High-precision ID-TIMS U-Pb geochronology, Principles and applications 10. Examples from recent research projects 11. Examples from recent research projectsSm, 12. Noble gases - basics, reservoirs, geo/cosmochem. applications: mainly chronology 13. Cosmogenic nuclides (stable and radionuclides) - basics, geo/cosmochem. applications, C14 exams | |||||
| Skript | Script (for part of the lecture), partly power point presentations (in the web) | |||||
| Literatur | http://elementsmagazine.org/get_pdf.php?fn=e9_1.pdf&dr=e9_1 Geochronology and Thermochronology Author(s):Peter W. ReinersRichard W. CarlsonPaul R. RenneKari M. CooperDarryl E. GrangerNoah M. McLeanBlair Schoene First published:8 January 2018 Online ISBN:9781118455876 |DOI:10.1002/9781118455876 - Faure, G. and Mensing, T. (2005): Isotopes. Principles and applications. 3rd ed. John Wiley and Sons. - Dickin, A. (2005): Radiogenic Isotope Geology. 2nd ed. Cambridge University press. | |||||
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