Search result: Catalogue data in Autumn Semester 2024
Earth and Climate Sciences Bachelor  | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Basic Courses I | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Year Examinations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number | Title | Type | ECTS | Hours | Lecturers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 529-2001-02L | Chemistry I | O | 4 credits | 2V + 2U | J. Cvengros, J. E. E. Buschmann, P. Funck, R. Verel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | General Chemistry I: Chemical bond and molecular structure, chemical thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium. In the course "Chemistry I", the competencies of process understanding, system understanding, modeling, concept development and data analysis & interpretation are taught, applied and examined. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | Introduction to general and inorganic chemistry. Basics of the composition and the change of the material world. Introduction to the thermodynamically controlled physico-chemical processes. Macroscopic phenomena and their explanation through atomic and molecular properties. Using the theories to solve qualitatively and quantitatively chemical and ecologically relevant problems. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | 1. Stoichiometry Amount of substance and mass. Composition of chemical compounds. Reaction equation. Ideal gas law. 2. Atoms Elementary particles and atoms. Electron configuration of the elements. Periodic system. 3. Chemical bonding and its representation. Spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules. Molecular orbitals. 4. Basics of chemical thermodynamics System and surroundings. Description of state and change of state of chemical systems. 5. First law of thermodynamics Internal energy. Heat and Work. Enthalpy and reaction enthalpy. 6. Second law of thermodynamics Entropy. Change of entropy in chemical systems and universe. Reaction entropy. 7. Gibbs energy and chemical potential. Combination of laws of thermodynamics. Gibbs energy and chemical reactions. Activities of gases, condensed substances and species in solution. Equilibrium constant. 8. Chemical equilibrium Law of mass action. Reaction quotient and equilibrium constant. Phase transition equilibrium. 9. Acids and bases Properties of acids and bases. Dissociation of acids and bases. pH and the calculation of pH-values in acid-base systems. Acid-base diagrams. Buffers. Polyprotic acids and bases. 10. Dissolution and precipitation. Heterogeneous equilibrium. Dissolution and solubility product. Carbon dioxide-carbonic acid-carbonate equilibrium. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lecture notes | Online-Skript mit durchgerechneten Beispielen. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literature | Charles E. Mortimer, CHEMIE - DAS BASISWISSEN DER CHEMIE. 12. Auflage, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, 2015. Weiterführende Literatur: Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Bruce E. Bursten, CHEMIE. 10. Auflage, Pearson Studium, 2011. (deutsch) Catherine Housecroft, Edwin Constable, CHEMISTRY: AN INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC, INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 3. Auflage, Prentice Hall, 2005.(englisch) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 401-0251-00L | Mathematics I | O | 6 credits | 4V + 2U | A. Cannas da Silva | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | This course covers mathematical concepts and techniques necessary to model, solve and discuss scientific problems - notably through ordinary differential equations. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | Mathematics is of ever increasing importance to the Natural Sciences and Engineering. The key is the so-called mathematical modelling cycle, i.e. the translation of problems from outside of mathematics into mathematics, the study of the mathematical problems (often with the help of high level mathematical software packages) and the interpretation of the results in the original environment. The goal of Mathematics I and II is to provide the mathematical foundations relevant for this paradigm. Differential equations are by far the most important tool for modelling and are therefore a main focus of both of these courses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | 1. Single-Variable Calculus: review of differentiation, linearisation, Taylor polynomials, maxima and minima, antiderivative, fundamental theorem of calculus, integration methods, improper integrals. 2. Linear Algebra and Complex Numbers: systems of linear equations, Gauss-Jordan elimination, matrices, determinants, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, cartesian and polar forms for complex numbers, complex powers, complex roots, fundamental theorem of algebra. 3. Ordinary Differential Equations: separable ordinary differential equations (ODEs), integration by substitution, 1st and 2nd order linear ODEs, homogeneous systems of linear ODEs with constant coefficients, introduction to 2-dimensional dynamical systems. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literature | - Thomas, G. B.: Thomas' Calculus, Part 1 (Pearson Addison-Wesley). - Bretscher, O.: Linear Algebra with Applications (Pearson Prentice Hall). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prerequisites / Notice | Prerequisites: familiarity with the basic notions from Calculus, in particular those of function and derivative. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 651-3001-00L | Dynamic Earth I | O | 6 credits | 4V + 2U | O. Bachmann, A. Galli, A. Fichtner, M. Schönbächler, S. Willett | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | Provides a basic introduction into Earth Sciences, emphasizing different rock-types and the geological rock-cycle, as well as introduction into geophysics, plate tectonics and planetology. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | Understanding basic geological and geophysical processes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | Overview of the Earth as a system, with emphasis on plate tectonic theory and the geological rock-cycle. Provides a basic introduction to crystals and minerals and different rock-types. Lectures include processes in the Earth's interior, physics of the earth, planetology, introduction to magmatic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Excercises are conducted in small groups to provide more in depth understanding of concepts and content of the lectures. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literature | Grotzinger, J., Jordan, T.H., 2020, Understanding Earth, Macmillan Learning, 8th Ed. Grotzinger, J., Jordan, T., 2017, Press/Siever Allgemeine Geologie. 7. Auflage, Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48342-8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prerequisites / Notice | Exercises and short excursions in small groups (10-15 students) will be lead by student assistants. Specific topics in earth sciences will be discussed using examples and case studies. Hand samples of the major rock types will be described and interpreted. Short excursions in the region of Zurich will permit direct experience with earth science processes (e.g. earth surface processes) and recognition of earth science problems and solutions relevant for modern society (e.g. building materials, water resources). Working in small groups will allow for discussion and examination of actual earth science themes. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Year Additional Compulsory Courses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number | Title | Type | ECTS | Hours | Lecturers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 529-0030-00L | Laboratory Course: Elementary Chemical Techniques | O | 3 credits | 4P | A. de Mello, F. Jenny, N. Kobert, M. H. Schroth | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | This practical course provides an introduction to elementary laboratory techniques. The experiments cover a wide range of techniques, including analytical and synthetic techniques (e. g. investigation of soil and water samples or the preparation of simple compunds). Furthermore, the handling of gaseous substances is practised. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | This course is intended to provide an overview of experimental chemical methods. The handling of chemicals and proper laboratory techniques represent the main learning targets. Furthermore, the description and recording of laboratory processes is an essential part of this course. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | The classification and analysis of natural and artificial compounds is a key subject of this course. It provides an introduction to elementary laboratory techniques, and the experiments cover a wide range of analytic and synthetic tasks: Selected samples (e.g. soil and water) will be analysed with various methods, such as titrations, spectroscopy or ion chromatography. The chemistry of aqeous solutions (acid-base equilibria and solvatation or precipitation processes) is studied. The synthesis of simple inorganic complexes or organic molecules is practised. Furthermore, the preparation and handling of environmentally relevant gaseous species like carbon dioxide or nitrogen oxides is a central subject of the Praktikum. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lecture notes | The instructions to the experiments will be published on Moodle. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literature | A thorough study of all script materials is requested before the course starts. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Basic Courses II | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Core Courses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number | Title | Type | ECTS | Hours | Lecturers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 402-0000-03L | Laboratory Course in Physics for Students in Earth Sciences  Please make an enrolment in mystudies. Register the experiments here: https://www.lehrbetrieb.ethz.ch/laborpraktika. For further information visit: https://ap.phys.ethz.ch Only students from 3rd Semester BSc Earth Sciences on are admitted to this Laboratory Course. | O | 2 credits | 4P | A. Biland, A. Eggenberger, A. Müller | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | The central aim is to provide an individual experience of the physical phenomena and the basic principles of the experiment. By conducting simple physical experiments the student will learn how to properly use physical instruments and how to evaluate the results correctly. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | Laboratory work forms an important part of the education in natural sciences. The overhead topic in this lab course is the confrontation of fundamental problems of any experiment. Using the example of simple tasks, the following aspects should be considered in particular: - the practical structure of the experiment and the knowledge of the measuring methods - the use and handling of measuring instruments - the correct evaluation and assessment of the observations - deepening the knowledge in some areas of elementary physics - physics as a personal experience. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | Lab safety; error calculation and report writing; 6 selected experiments on a variety of topics. Selection of experiments may vary between courses. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lecture notes | Manuals for the experiments in the physics lab; additional material is provided on the course website | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Examination Block 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number | Title | Type | ECTS | Hours | Lecturers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 402-0063-00L | Physics II | O | 5 credits | 3V + 1U | A. Vaterlaus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | Introduction to the way physicists think and work with the help of concept questions, demonstration experiments and problem solving. Wherever possible, applications from thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism are taught from the areas of the degree programmes. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | Introduction to the scientific methodology. The student should develop his/her capability to turn physical observations into mathematical models, and to solve them. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | Thermodynamics with first and second law, phase transformations, transport phenomena. Introduction to electricity and magnetism, as well as waves and modern physics. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lecture notes | A script will be distributed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literature | Friedhelm Kuypers Physik für Ingenieure und Naturwissenschaftler Band 2 Elektrizität, Optik, Wellen Wiley-VCH, 2012 ISBN 3527411445, 9783527411443 (4. Auflage 2022) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 651-3400-00L | Geochemistry I | O | 4 credits | 3G | M. Schönbächler, D. Vance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | Introduction to geochemistry and its application to the study of the origin and evolution of the Earth and planets. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | Gain an overview of geochemical methods used in various fields of Earth Sciences and how they can be applied to study geological processes in the Earth’s mantle, crust, oceans and atmosphere. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | This course is an introduction into geochemistry with a special focus on the basic concepts used in this rapidly evolving field. The course deals with the geochemist's toolbox: the basic chemical and nuclear properties of elements from the periodic table and how these elements can be used to ask fundamental questions in Earth Sciences. The important concepts used in solid-solution-gas equilibria are introduced. The concepts of chemical reservoirs and geochemical cycles are discussed with examples from the carbon cycle in the Earth. The course also addresses geological applications in low- and high-temperature geochemistry, including the formation of continents, the differentiation of the Earth, the geochemistry of ocean and continental waters. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lecture notes | The slides are available online. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literature | H. Y. McSween et al.: Geochemistry - Pathways and Processes, 2nd ed. Columbia Univ. Press (2003) William White: Geochemistry, Wiley-Blackwell Chichester (2013) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prerequisites / Notice | Prerequisite: chemical thermodynamics, basic inorganic chemistry and physics, basics of Python programming | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 701-0023-00L | Atmosphere | O | 3 credits | 2V | E. Fischer, U. Lohmann | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | Basic principles of the atmosphere, physical structure and chemical composition, trace gases, atmospheric cycles, circulation, stability, radiation, condensation, clouds, oxidation capacity and ozone layer. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | Students are able - to explain the physical structure and chemical composition of the atmosphere - to quantitatively describe and understand the fundamental physical and chemical process in the atmosphere - to explain the interactions and feedbacks between atmosphere - ocean - land surface, troposphere - stratosphere and weather - climate. In the course "Atmosphere", the competencies of process understanding, system understanding and data analysis & interpretation are taught, applied and examined. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | Basic principles of the atmosphere, physical structure and chemical composition, trace gases, atmospheric cycles, circulation, stability, radiation, condensation, clouds. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lecture notes | Written information will be supplied. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literature | - Wallace, J. M., and Hobbs, P. V. Atmospheric science: an introductory survey. 2nd ed. Amsterdam; Boston, Elsevier Academic Press, 2006. - Gösta H. Liljequist, Allgemeine Meteorologie, Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1974. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Examination Block 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number | Title | Type | ECTS | Hours | Lecturers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 701-0071-00L | Mathematics III: Systems Analysis | O | 4 credits | 2V + 1U | C. Brunner, R. Knutti, H. Wernli | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | The objective of the systems analysis course is to deepen and illustrate the mathematical concepts on the basis of a series of very concrete examples. Topics covered include: linear box models with one or several variables, non-linear box models with one or several variables, time-discrete models, and continuous models in time and space. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | Learning and applying of concepts (models) and quantitative methods to address concrete problems of environmental relevance. Understanding and applying the systems-analytic approach, i.e., Recognizing the core of the problem - simplification - quantitative approach - prediction. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | https://iac.ethz.ch/edu/courses/bachelor/vorbereitung/systemanalyse.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lecture notes | Overhead slides will be made available through the course website. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literature | Imboden, D.S. and S. Pfenninger (2013) Introduction to Systems Analysis: Mathematically Modeling Natural Systems. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-642-30639-6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 651-3543-00L | Geophysics I | O | 4 credits | 2V + 1U | D. Giardini, M. O. Saar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | General knowlede of seismology. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | General knowlede of seismology. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 651-3507-00L | Introduction to Oceanography and Hydrogeology | O | 3 credits | 2V | D. Vance, M. O. Saar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | This course is designed to provide an introduction to hydrogeology and oceanography for all Earth Science students at ETH. It provides an overview of the physical controls on water flow in streams, aquifers, and the oceans. It also deals with the basics of groundwater chemistry, biogeochemical cycling in the oceans, the role of the oceans as carbon reservoirs and their dynamic redox state. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | To understand and describe the basic principles of the hydrologic cycle and water flow in streams and aquifers. To conduct simple calculations of water transfer in streams and aquifers as well as of flood frequencies and magnitudes. To discuss surface and groundwater as a water resource. To interpret different ion distributions in aquifers in terms of bacic water chemistry, fluid-mineral reactions, water contamination, and water origin. To understand the major features of ocean basins and the tectonic controls on their structure. To identify the major controls on the temperature, salinity and density structure of the oceans. To describe how these controls interact to drive surface and interior ocean circulation. To interpret different kinds of element distribution in the oceans in terms of basic chemistry, sinks, sources and internal biogeochemical cycling. To discuss the cycles of carbon and oxygen in the ocean, with a view to the critical analysis of how the oceans respond to, cause and record the dynamics of these cycles in Earth history. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | This course provides an introduction to oceanography and hydrogeology, with a special focus on the basic physicochemical concepts that control the properties and behaviour of two major reservoirs of water on Earth. The hydrogeology component will: 1) describe the hydrologic cycle, with a focus on the importance of groundwater to society; introduce the basic physical aspects of groundwater flow, including Darcy's law, hydraulic head, hydraulic conductivity, aquifers; 2) describe the basics of groundwater chemistry, including major ions and mean meteoric water line, basics of groundwater contamination; 3) introduce the interface with the oceans, including hydrothermal circulation at mid-ocean ridges, ocean-water intrusion into groundwater at coasts. The oceanography component will: 1) provide an overview of the physical circulation of the oceans, including its importance for heat transfer around the surface of the Earth and for climate; 2) describe the basic processes that control the chemistry of the oceans, including its temporal and spatial variability; 3) introduce some simple concepts in biological oceanography, including the dependence of ocean ecology on nutrient distributions. There will be a specific focus on how the physics, chemistry and biology of the ocean might have changed through Earth history, and the impact of oceanic processes on Earth's climate. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lecture notes | Available | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literature | Talley, L.D., Pickard, G.L., Emery, W.J. and Swift, J.H. Descriptive Physical Oceanography, an Introduction. (2011) Online textbook, available at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780750645522. Libes, S.M. (2009) Introduction to marine biogeochemistry. 2nd edition. Academic Press | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prerequisites / Notice | Chemie I and II, Physik I and II, Mathematik I and II. Erdwissenschaftliche Datenanalyse und Visualisierung mit Python | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| General Earth Sciences Courses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number | Title | Type | ECTS | Hours | Lecturers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 651-4143-00L | Geobiology Students registering for the course confirm having read and accepted the terms and conditions for excursions and field courses of D-EAPS: Link | O | 3 credits | 2V + 1U | C. Magnabosco, T. I. Eglinton | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | We will study traces in the lithosphere that have been left behind by organisms during the course of Earth history and mineral components, which were built through biological processes or used as sources of energy and nutrients by organisms. Traces of life from the past will be compared with the development of the diversity of today's organisms. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | The course will allow you to ask questions about the origin and the evolution of life on Earth, to understand contemporary hypotheses and create new methods of developing them further. Theory is supplemented with observations in the field, exercises and the application of simple mathematical models. The course will enable you to integrate geobiological knowledge into topics that will be taught in subsequent earth science courses and into the current understanding of Earth history. You will learn to better understand modern geological settings and, if necessary, to recommend biogeochemically well-founded and responsible interventions or protective measures. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | The course focuses on (a) geobiochemical cycles that play major roles in Earth history in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, (b) biosynthetic and metabolic processes, which are essential for life, (c) organisms which regulate and maintain geochemical cycling, and (d) chemical signals of past life in the geological record. Accordingly, we must understand -- how biological cells and its components are built from essential elements and molecules, -- how cells function and which life styles organisms developed, -- where organisms can exist and which factors select for their presence, -- where biologically useable forms of energy come from, and under which conditions they can be exploited, -- how biological metabolism can change environmental conditions and composition, -- which biological products can lead to signals preserved in the rock record, and how biomolecules and elements are altered in sedimentary deposits, -- how organic and inorganic components are cycled through the biosphere, and how biogeochemical cycles function, -- how "biological innovations" evolved and changed in response to environmental changes. Applied Case Studies, which supplement and illustrate the contents: -- Scientific applications of geobiological knowledge are found in fields like Microbial Ecology, Geochemistry, Palaeontology, Sedimentology, Petrology, Ocean Research, Environmental Sciences, Astrobiology and Archaeology. -- Practical applications of geobiological knowledge are needed in fields like stabilisation of existing and design of safe waste repositories, surveilling ground water resources, sewage treatment, exploitation of and prospecting for fossil carbon sources, soil remediation, mineral exploration and leaching, forensic science and medicine. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prerequisites / Notice | Als integraler Bestandteil der Vorlesung wird eine Exkursion durchgeführt. Mit der Belegung akzeptieren die Studierenden die Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen für Exkursionen und Feldkurse des D-EAPS: Link | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 651-3301-00L | Crystals and Minerals | O | 4 credits | 2V + 3U | M. Hao, M. Murakami, P. Saha | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | In the lecture part, the objective of this course is to understand the basic concepts needed to understand the evolution, structure, and dynamics of the Earth from the perspectives of the mineralogy and crystallography. In the exercise part, the students familiarize with about 70 minerals and their macroscopic properties. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | At the end of the lecture part, students should be able to explain the following, -formation processes of the solar system, the earth, and the moon. -structure of the earth -some important experimental approaches to determine the structure of the earth -some important phase transformations appeared in the Earth's deep interior. -some important crystal structures appeared in the Earth's deep interior. -mineralogy of the upper mantle, transition zone, lower mantle, and the core. -chemical composition of the mantle and core. At the end of the exercise course, the students will be able to determine and describe the mascroscopically observable properties of about 70 minerals and know the sum formulae of about 50 of them. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | Lecture part: • Introduction of the course • formation of the solar system • formation of the earth • formation of the moon • structure of the earth • experimental methods for exploring the structure of the planets -high pressure and high temperature experiments -X-ray diffraction -laser spectroscopy • phase transformation in deep planetary interiors • chemical composition of the earth • mineralogy of the upper mantle • mineralogy of the mantle transition zone • mineralogy of the lower mantle • mineralogy of the Core-Mantle-Boundary (CMB) • mineralogy of the core Exercise part: About 70 of the most important rock-forming and ore minerals and their properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lecture notes | Tabellen zum Mineralbestimmen, W.F. Oberholzer und V.Dietrich | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literature | 1. Solid State Chemistry and Its Applications, Anthony R. West 2. Solid State Physics, Gerald Burns Mineralien hands-on course: Tabellen zum Mineralbestimmen, W.F. Oberholzer und V.Dietrich | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 651-4271-00L | Data Analysis and Visualisation with Python in Earth Sciences | O | 3 credits | 3G | G. De Souza, A. Zunino | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | This lecture and the corresponding exercises provide the students with an introduction to the concepts and tools of programming and scientific data analysis. Using examples from Earth Sciences, the students solve problems of increasing complexity using the programming language Python. Students also learn how to effectively visualise different kinds of datasets. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | The following concepts are introduced in the course: - Fundamentals of programming - Analysis of datasets of differing types - Effective and scientifically correct visualisation - Statistical description of a dataset | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 651-3402-00L | Magmatism and Metamorphose I | O | 4 credits | 2V + 1U | M. W. Schmidt, J.‑C. Storck | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | This course treats the generation and evolution of igneous rocks as well as the metamorphism of igneous and sedimentary rocks as products of geodynamic processes operating within the Earth´s interior. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | This course combines petrography, geochemistry, experimental and theoretical petrology to assess fundamental igneous and metamorphic processes controlling the generation and evolution of igneous and metamorphic rocks in time and space. Principle targets are (1) the generation of magmas in the Earth mantle and crust, differentiation and emplacement of magmas at depth and on the surface and (2) metamorphism of igneous and sedimentary rock series and their relationships in the framework of global tectonics. The material is mostly presented in qualitative way. A quantification of igneous and metamorphic processes based on modal mineralogy, geochemistry, phase petrology and thermodynamic principles is assessed and further promoted in the accompanying homework and exercises. Basic knowledge of rock-forming minerals and the classification of igneous and metamorphic rocks are required and will be further trained during the exercises. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | Introduction – Historic evolution – magmatism-metamorphism-tectonics Earth mantle – composition, metamorphism, deep mantle mineralogy Partial melting of the Earth´s mantle Binary and ternary subsolidus and liquidus phase diagrams Tholeiitic magmatism – MORB and large igneous provinces (LIP) Subduction zones – Magmatism at convergent plate margins, H2O-cycle Geochemistry in igneous petrology Igneous differentiation processes at convergent plate margins Metamorphism of pelitic rocks (metapelites) and crustal melting Material cycles at convergent plate margins | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lecture notes | Lecture notes and homework are provided and additional material is made available on Moodle. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literature | As supplementary material we recommend the book by J.D. Winter. «Principles of Igneous and metamorphic petrology», Prentice Hall, 2001. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prerequisites / Notice | 7 homework assignments must be acceptably solved, the delivery of 9 acceptably solved homework assignments is acknowledged with an increase of the final grade by 0.25. The end-of-term examination will take place in the two weeks scheduled in January. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Integrated Earth Systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number | Title | Type | ECTS | Hours | Lecturers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 651-4180-02L | Integrated Earth Systems II | O | 5 credits | 4G + 1U | H. Stoll, D. Vance, S. Willett | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | The surface Earth is often thought of as a set of interacting systems, often with feedbacks between them. These interacting systems control the tectonics, geomorphology, climate, and biology of the surface Earth. To fully understand the nature of the Earth System, including the controls on its past evolution, its present state, and its future, an integrated perspective is required. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | To introduce students to an integrated view of the surface Earth, uniting perspectives from different disciplines of the earth sciences. To encourage students in the critical analysis of data and models in Earth Science. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | Planet Earth has had a complex history since its formation ~4.6 billion years ago. The surface Earth is often thought of as a set of interacting systems, often with positive and negative feedbacks between them. These interacting systems control the tectonics, geomorphology, climate, and biology of the surface Earth. To fully understand the nature of the Earth System, including the controls on its past evolution, its present state, and its future, an integrated perspective is required. This is a subject that pulls in observations and models from many areas of the Earth Sciences, including geochemistry, geophysics, geology and biology. The main goal of the course is to convey this integrated view of the surface of our planet. We will achieve this integrated view through a series of lectures, exercises, and tutorials. We take as our framework some of the key events in Earth history, encouraging understanding of the controlling processes through integrated observations, ideas and models from disciplines across science. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Major: Geology and Geophysics Advisors of the major in Geology and Geophysics are Dr. Vincenzo Picotti (Geology) and Dr. Jérôme Noir (Geophysics). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Number | Title | Type | ECTS | Hours | Lecturers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 651-3527-00L | Earth Science Mapping Exercises II | W+ | 2 credits | 2P | S. Volante | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | Reading and interpretation of geological maps. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | All participants are able to: - Read and understand complex geological maps; - Assess, select, and project information from real case studies; - Make tectonic overview sketches and construct meaningfull cross-sections; | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | Advanced analysis of geological maps and construction of geological sections. Special points: normal faults of the Rheintal graben, Val de Ruz, Helvetic nappes of the Säntis area. Reconstruction of the geological history of the map areas. References to the Geology of Switzerland. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lecture notes | Exercises and instructions are handed out. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literature | Not required but for reference (in library holdings): - Bennison, G.M., and Mosley, K.A., 1997. An introduction to geological structures and maps. Arnold, London. - Lisle, R.J., 1995. Geological structures and maps. Butterworth Heinemann - Powell, D., 1995. Interpretation geologischer Strukturen durch Karten. Springer, Berlin - Wijermars, R., 1997. Structural geology and map interpretation. Alboran Science Publishing. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prerequisites / Notice | Requirement: Earth science mapping exercises I | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 401-0624-00L | Mathematics IV: Statistics | W+ | 4 credits | 2V + 1U | N. Meinshausen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | Introduction to basic methods and fundamental concepts of statistics and probability theory for practicioners in natural sciences. The concepts will be illustrated with some real data examples and applied using the statistical software R. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | Capacity to learn from data; good practice when dealing with data and recognizing possible fraud in statistics; basic knowledge about the laws of randomness and stochastic thinking (thinking in probabilities); application of simple methods in inferential statistics (e.g., several hypothesis tests will be introduced), i.a. also using the statistical software R. The lecture will be held in German. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | Einführung in die Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung (Grundregeln, Zufallsvariablen, diskrete und stetige Verteilungen, Ausblick auf Grenzwertsätze). Beschreibende Statistik (einschliesslich grafische Methoden). Methoden der Analytischen Statistik: Schätzungen, Tests (einschliesslich Binomialtest, t-Test, Vorzeichentest, F-Test, Wilcoxon-Test), Vertrauensintervalle, Vorhersageintervalle, Korrelation, einfache und multiple lineare Regression. Einführung in die statistische Programmiersprache R. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lecture notes | Ausführliches Skript zur Vorlesung ist erhältlich. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literature | Stahel, W.: Statistische Datenanalyse. Vieweg, 5. Auflage 2008 (als ergänzende Lektüre) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prerequisites / Notice | Die Übungen (ca. die Hälfte der Kontaktstunden; einschliesslich Computerübungen) sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Lehrveranstaltung. Voraussetzungen: Mathematik I, II | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 651-4031-00L | Geographic Information Systems | W+ | 3 credits | 4G | A. Baltensweiler, M. Fraefel Kocher | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | Introduction to the fundamental concepts and data processing capabilities of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Practical application of geospatial data management and analysis functions based on a selected geoscience project. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | Students can - explain the basic principles of GIS - solve a complex, real-world GIS problem in the field of Earth Science - apply the principles of data modelling and geoprocessing with ArcGIS Pro: data design and modelling, data acquisition, data integration of different data types (including LiDAR data), spatial analysis of vector and raster data, special functions for digital terrain modelling and hydrology, map production and 3D visualisation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | Theoretical introduction to the concepts, spatial data types and spatial data handling functions of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Application of data modeling principles and geoprocessing capabilities using ArcGIS Pro: data design and modeling, data acquisition, data acquisition and integration, spatial analysis of vector and raster data, particular functions for digital terrain modeling and hydrology, map generation and 3D-visualization. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lecture notes | Lecture Script: Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, Tutorial: Introduction to ArcGIS Pro. All lecture materials are provided digitally. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literature | Longley P.A., Goodchild M.F., Maguire D.J., Rhind D.W. (2015): Geographic Information Systems and Science. Fourth Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England. Burrough P.A., McDonnell R.A. and Lloyd C.D. (2015): Principles of Geographical Information Systems. Third edition. Oxford : Oxford University Press, England. Jones, C.B. (2013): Geographical Information Systems and Computer Cartography. Taylor & Francis eBooks Complete. Available Online ETHZ library. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Number | Title | Type | ECTS | Hours | Lecturers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 651-3521-00L | Tectonics | W+ | 3 credits | 2V | W. Behr, S. Willett | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract | Comprehensive understanding of evolution, mechanics, and rheology of divergent, convergent and wrenching tectonic systems from the lithospheric scale to local shallow crustal and outcrop-scales. Evaluation of plate tectonic and other orogenic processes through the study of reference examples of taken in Alps-Himalaya orogenic system. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Learning objective | Comprehensive understanding of evolution, mechanics, and rheology of divergent, convergent and wrenching tectonic systems from the lithospheric scale to local shallow crustal and outcrop-scales. Assessment of mechanisms responsible for plate movements (the Earth as a heat transfer machine, dynamics of earth mantle, plate driving forces) and subsequent large-scale structures (oceanic basins and cycle of the oceanic lithosphere, convergence and mountain systems and continental growth, etc) through theoretical and experimental information. Evaluation of plate tectonic and other orogenic processes through the study of reference examples of taken in Alps-Himalaya orogenic system. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Content | Plate tectonic frame work: earth cooling and mantle-plate interaction, three kinds of plate boundaries and their roles and characteristics, cycle of oceanic lithosphere, longlifety and growth of continents, supercontinents. Rheology of layered lithosphere and upper mantle. Obduction systems Collisions systems Extensional systems Basin evolution Passive and active continental margin evolution | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literature | Condie, K. C. 1997. Plate tectonics and crustal evolution. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. Cox, A. & Hart, R. B. 1986. Plate tectonics. How it works. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. Dewey, J. F. 1977. Suture zone complexities: A review. Tectonophysics 40, 53-67. Dewey, J. F., Pitman III, W. C., Ryan, W. B. F. & Bonin, J. 1973. Plate tectonics and the evolution of the Alpine system. Geological Society of America Bulletin 84, 3137-3180. Kearey, P. & Vine, F. J. 1990. Global tectonics. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. Park, R. G. 1993. Geological structures and moving plates. Chapman & Hall, Glasgow. Turcotte, D. L. & Schubert, G. 2002. Geodynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Windley, B. F. 1995. The evolving continents. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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