Search result: Catalogue data in Spring Semester 2019

Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
Biology Master
Elective Major Subject Areas
Elective Major: Ecology and Evolution
Compulsory Concept Courses
701-0323-00L	Plant Ecology	O	3 credits	2V	J. Alexander, S. P. Hart
Abstract	This class focuses on ecological processes involved with plant life, mechanisms of plant adaptation, plant-animal and plant-soil interactions, plant strategies and implications for the structure and function of plant communities. The discussion of original research examples familiarises students with research questions and methods; they learn to evaluate results and interpretations.
Objective	Students will be able to: - propose methods to study ecological processes involved with plant life, and how these processes depend on internal and external factors; - analyse benefits and costs of plant adaptations; - explain plant strategies with relevant traits and trade-offs; - explain and predict the assembly of plant communities; - explain implications of plant strategies for animals, microbes and ecosystem functions; - evaluate studies in plant ecology regarding research questions, assumptions, methods, as well as the reliability and relevance of results.
Content	Plants represent the matrix of natural communities. The structure and dynamics of plant populations drives the function of ecosystems. This course presents essential processes and plant traits involved with plant life. We focus on research questions that have been of special interest to plant ecologists as well as current topical questions. We use original research examples to discuss how ecological questions are studied and how results are interpreted. - Growth: what determines the production of a plant? - Nutrients: consumption or recycling: opposite strategies and feedbacks on soils; - Clonality: collaboration and division of labour in plants; - Plasticity: benefits and costs of plant intelligence; - Flowering and pollination: how expensive is sex? - Seed types, dispersal, seed banks and germination: strategies and trade-offs in the persistence of plant populations; - Development and structure of plant populations; - Stress, disturbance and competition as drivers of different plant strategies; - Herbivory: plant-animal feedbacks and functioning of grazing ecosystems - Fire: impacts on plants, vegetation and ecosystems. - Plant functional types and rules in the assembly of plant communities.
Lecture notes	Handouts and further reading will be available electronically at the beginning of the semester.
Prerequisites / Notice	Prerequisites - General knowledge of plant biology - Basic knowledge of plant sytematics - General ecological concepts

Elective Compulsory Master Courses
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
701-0310-00L	Conservation Biology	W	2 credits	2G	F. Knaus
Abstract	In this course, the students explore ecological approaches, philosophical foundations, and practical implementations of conservation activities. Based on case studies, they are introduced to different views, values and ideals inherent in these activities.
Objective	Students of this course are able to: - understand the historical development and the current state of biodiversity and estimate possible future trends - explain the economic legal, political and philosophical foundations of conservation activities - define different possibilities of how conservation can be implemented in practice - identify and critically appraise normative elements in conservation - analyse and evaluate a nature conservation project from conception to successful completion.
Content	The course covers the following content: - Describe and analyse the past, current and future human impacts on biodiversity. - Explore alternative approaches to nature conservation and their implementation for example species or habitat protection, restorations, parks, etc. - Discuss the ethical, moral, legal, and economic reasons for conservation. - Understand the main theories relevant to conservation such as the vulnerability of small populations, ecosystem services, biodiversity, etc. - Explore practical examples during excursions and provide an analysis and evaluation of concrete case studies.
Lecture notes	Kein Skript
Literature	Küster H. 1999: Geschichte der Landschaft in Mitteleuropa. Von der Eiszeit bis zur Gegenwart. Beck, München, Germany. 424p. Piechocki R. 2010: Landschaft, Heimat, Wildnis. Schutz der Natur - aber welcher und warum? Beck'sche Reihe, Beck, München, Germany. 266p. Primack R.B. 2008: A primer of Conservation Biology. Fourth Edition. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA, USA. 349p.
Prerequisites / Notice	Kenntnisse aus den folgenden LV sind vorausgesetzt: - Allgemeine Biologie I - Allgemeine Biologie II - Biologie III: Ökologie - Biologie IV: Diversität der Pflanzen und Tiere
701-1450-00L	Conservation Genetics	W	3 credits	4G	R. Holderegger, M. Fischer, F. Gugerli
Abstract	The course deals with knowledge in conservation genetics and its practical applications. It introduces the genetic theories of conservation genetics, such as inbreeding depression in small populations or fragmentation. The course also shows how genetic methods are used in conservation Management, and it critically discusses the benefits and limits of conservation genetics.
Objective	Genetic and evolutionary argumentation is an important feature of conservation biology. The course equips students with knowledge on conservation genetics and its applications in conservation management. The course introduces the main theories of conservation genetics and shows how genetic methods are used in conservation Management, and it critically discusses the benefits and limits of conservation genetics. Practical examples from animals and plants are presented.
Content	There are 4 hours of lectures, presentations and group works per week. Students also have to spend about 3 hours per week on preparatory work for the following week. Every week, one subject will be presented by one of three lecturers. Overview of themes: Barcoding, eDNA and genetic monitoring; effects of small population size: genetic drift and inbreeding; neutral and adaptive genetic diversity; hybridization; gene flow, fragmentation and connectivity. Specific topics: (1) Species and individual identification: barcoding; eDNA; population size estimation; habitat use and genetic monitoring. (2) Small population size; bottlenecks; genetic drift; inbreeding and inbreeding depression; effective population size. (3) Adaptive genetic diversity; neutral and adaptive genetic variation; importance of adaptive genetic diversity; methods to measure adaptive genetic variation. (4) Hybridization; gene introgression; gene flow across species boundaries. (5) Half day excursion: practical example of conservation genetics on fragmentation. (6) Discussion and evaluation of excursion; historical and contemporary gene flow and dispersal; fragmentation and connectivity. (7) Written examination.
Lecture notes	No script; handouts and material for downloading will be provided.
Literature	There is no textbook for this course, but the following books are (partly) recommended: Allendorf F.W., Luikart G.; Aitken S.N. 2013. Conservation and the Genetics of Populations, 2nd edition. Wiley, Oxford. Frankham R., Ballou J.D., Briscoe D.A. 2010. Introduction to Conservation Genetics, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Targeted to practitioners in conservation management is the following book in German: Holderegger R., Segelbacher G. (eds.). 2016. Naturschutzgenetik. Ein Handbuch für die Praxis. Haupt, Bern.
Prerequisites / Notice	Requirements: Students must have a good background in genetics as well as in ecology and evolution. The courses "Population and Quantitative Genetics" or "Evolutionary Genetics" should have been attended. Examination: A final written examination on the content of the course and an excursion are integral parts of the course. Teaching forms: The course needs the active participation of students. It consists of lectures, group works, presentations, discussions, readings and a half-day excursion.
701-1424-00L	Guarda-Workshop in Evolutionary Biology This course has limited spaces. To register for this course you have to sign in via mystudies and via the website of the University of Basel http://evolution.unibas.ch/teaching/guarda/index.htm.	W	3 credits	4P	S. Bonhoeffer
Abstract	This one week course is intended for students with a keen interest in evolutionary biology. The aim of the course is to develop a research project in small teams of 4-5 students. The students receive guidance by the "faculty" consisting of Prof. D. Ebert (U Basel) and Prof. S Bonhoeffer (ETHZ). Additionally two internationally reknown experts are invited every year.
Objective	see link http://evolution.unibas.ch/teaching/guarda/index.htm
Content	see link http://evolution.unibas.ch/teaching/guarda/index.htm
Lecture notes	none
Literature	none
Prerequisites / Notice	As the number of participants is limited, application for the course is necessary. Please apply for the course using the course website (see link http://evolution.unibas.ch/teaching/guarda/index.htm). .
551-0216-00L	Field Course in Mycology Number of participants limited to 8.	W	3 credits	3.5P	A. Leuchtmann
Abstract	Field excursions with collecting of fungi, and study of collections in the course room. Main focus are small fungi (ascomycetes): you will receive insight into the diversity of fungi and an introduction to species identification. Furthermore, the ecology and function of fungi in selected habitats will be discussed, and selected examples of edible and poisonous mushrooms shown.
Objective	Extended knowledge in taxonomy and systematics of fungi, in particular Ascomycetes. Participants know about ecological functions of fungi as mutualists, saprobes or parasites of plants in various ecosystems.
Content	Einführung ins Reich der Pilze, Merkmale der Pilze und Überblick über deren systematische Gliederung. Exkursionen zum Sammeln von Ascomyceten in ausgewählten Lebensräumen. Kennenlernen von notwendigen Sammel- und Präparationstechniken, Einführung in die Ökologie und Funktion der Pilze, Untersuchung und Bestimmen von Pilzen mit optischen Hilfsmitteln im Kursraum, Einblick in Formenvielfalt ausgewählter Pilzgruppen (Ascomyecten), Beispiele von Gift- und Speisepilzen.
Lecture notes	Kursunterlagen werden abgegeben
Literature	Spezialliteratur für die Bestimmung der Familien, Gattungen und Arten der mitteleuropäischen Mykoflora.
Prerequisites / Notice	Der Kurs ist auf maximal 8 Teilnehmende beschränkt. Schriftliche Anmeldung erforderlich. Das Kursgeld von Fr. 180.- muss von den Kursteilnehmern übernommen werden. Vor dem Kurs (Freitag 23. Aug. 2019) findet eine halbtägige Einführung in Zürich statt, deren Besuch ist obligatorisch.
751-4802-00L	System-Oriented Management of Herbivorous Insects II	W	2 credits	2G	D. Mazzi
Abstract	The focus is on capacity building to judge pest management in the face of economic, ecological and social demands. A wide spectrum of management approaches will be elaborated and discussed, ranging from natural antagonists, natural and synthetic products to physical and genetic tools, as well as innovative research advances.
Objective	The students acquire an understanding of current and potential future methods to manage pest organisms in agro-ecosystems, as well as a sound scientific background to evaluate the options in the face of conflicting requirements from economics, ecology and the society. In addition, they will gain skills to use scientific reports to construct an argument, and to defend their position in a debate.
Lecture notes	The presentations will be made available.
Literature	Recommendations for further reading are given in the course.
Prerequisites / Notice	The first part of the course, held in the HS, is not a prerequisite for the understanding of the second part.
751-5110-00L	Insects in Agroecosystems	W	2 credits	2V	C. De Moraes, M. Fenske, D. Lucas Gomes Marques Barbosa
Abstract	This class will focus on insect-plant interactions in agroecosystems, and how the unique man-made agricultural community effects insect populations leading to pest outbreaks. Key concepts in pest prediction and management will be discussed from an ecological perspective.
Objective	At the end of this course, students will understand what biotic and abiotic factors contribute to pest outbreaks, why some modern pest management techniques have failed over time, and the trade-offs associated with the use of different pest control methods. Our approach will allow students to apply their knowledge to a variety of pest management situations. Additionally, students will learn about current research goals in agroecology and how these goals are being addressed by scientists engaged in agricultural research.
Content	The focus of this course will be on understanding how the ecologies of agricultural systems differ from natural ecosystems, and how these difference affect the population dynamics of insect pests and natural enemies. Each section of the course is centered around a basic ecological, biological or engineering theme such as host shift, physiological time, or sampling techniques. Different management techniques will be discussed, as well as the ecological basis behind why these techniques work and why they sometimes fail. The role of insects in spreading economically important plant diseases will also be discussed. Recent advances in research will also be addressed throughout the course and reinforced with periodic readings of primary literature.
Lecture notes	Provided to students through ILIAS
Literature	Selected required readings (peer reviewed literature, selected book chapters).
701-1418-00L	Modelling Course in Population and Evolutionary Biology Number of participants limited to 20. Priority is given to MSc Biology and Environmental Sciences students.	W	4 credits	6P	S. Bonhoeffer, V. Müller
Abstract	This course provides a "hands-on" introduction into mathematical/computational modelling of biological processes with particular emphasis on evolutionary and population-biological questions. The models are developed using the Open Source software R.
Objective	The aim of this course is to provide a practical introduction into the modelling of fundamental biological questions. The participants will receive guidance to develop mathematical/computational models in small teams. The participants chose two modules with different levels of difficulty from a list of projects. The participant shall get a sense of the utility of modelling as a tool to investigate biological problems. The simpler modules are based mostly on examples from the earlier lecture "Ecology and evolution: populations" (script accessible at the course webpage). The advanced modules address topical research questions. Although being based on evolutionary and population biological methods and concepts, these modules also address topics from other areas of biology.
Content	see www.tb.ethz.ch/education/learningmaterials/modelingcourse.html
Lecture notes	Detailed handouts describing both the modelling and the biological background are available to each module at the course website. In addition, the script of the earlier lecture "Ecology and evolution: populations" can also be downloaded, and contains further backround information.
Prerequisites / Notice	The course is based on the open source software R. Experience with R is useful but not required for the course. Similarly, the course 701-1708-00L Infectious Disease Dynamics is useful but not required.
701-1452-00L	Wildlife Conservation and Management Does not take place this semester.	W	2 credits	2G	to be announced
Abstract	The course deals with major issues in wildlife conservation and management, the emphasis being on the underlying population processes. Topics include species interactions (predation, herbivory), conservation challenges in a landscape-ecological context, and the social background (values, policies, etc.). The course consists of seminar-type lectures, lab exercises, home reading, and a field trip.
Objective	Review major issues in wildlife conservation and management; understand the underlying ecological principles, particularly population processes; link them to principles of landscape ecology; be aware of human aspects and the distinction of scientific questions from questions rooting in society's value system; understand principles of policy formulation; become acquainted with simple modelling procedures; get some experience with field methods and field situations.
Content	The course deals with major issues in wildlife conservation and management with a focus on temperate regions as far as the topics go, but with a general view on principles. There will be an emphasis on population processes as the basis for management, and on applying this knowledge to problems of declining, small and harvestable populations, and population interactions such as predation, competition and herbivory. Aspects of how society's value system (stakeholder values, beliefs, laws) shape management goals and how valuation and science interact in policy formulation, will also be addressed. Conservation-oriented topics will be illustrated mainly with amphibian and reptile examples. The course consists of lectures with seminar-type discussion parts, preceded by home reading of pertinent literature, occasional lab exercises (using spreadsheets Excel or Open Office Calc, and SPSS/R), and a two-days field trip. Provisional program, sequence may change (WS=W. Suter, UH=U. Hofer): 1. Introduction; science & policy (WS) 2. Issues and methods in wildlife research (WS) 3. Population parameters in harvested species (WS) 4. Sustainable harvest (WS) 5. Conservation of vertebrates: Objectives, perspectives (UH) 6. Knowledge of species: Example indigenous reptiles (UH) 7. Evaluation of populations: population size (UH) 8. Evaluation of habitats: habitat use, habitat quality (UH) 9. Evaluation of landscapes: connectivity (UH) 10. Management issue 1: herbivory (WS) 11. Management issue 2: predation (WS) Field trip: Possibly 19-20 May, 2017 Provisional program: Day 1: Reptiles in subalpine environments - visit good reptile sites; evening-Day 2: visit to main large predator study area in western Alps, presentations by and discussions of human-large predator conflicts with researchers
Lecture notes	The course will partly be based on 'Mills, L.S. 2013. Conservation of Wildlife Populations. Demography, Genetics, and Management. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 326 pp.', and several chapters are strongly recommended. The book can be obtained from http://www.polybuchhandlung.ch/studium/index.php3) Other literature/information will be provided as handouts or is available online.
Literature	other useful books: Fryxell, J.M., Sinclair, A.R.E. & Caughley, G. 2014. Wildlife Ecology, Conservation, and Management. 3rd edition. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 528 pp. Owen-Smith, N. 2007. Introduction to Modeling in Wildlife and Resource Conservation. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. 332 pp. Conroy, M.J. & Carroll, J.P. 2009. Quantitative Conservation of Vertebrates. Southern Gate: Wiley-Blackwell. 342 pp.
Prerequisites / Notice	The course builds on the Bachelor course '701-0305-00 G Ökologie der Wirbeltiere', and on subjects taught in courses such as '701-0310-00 G Naturschutz und Stadtbioökologie' and '701-0553-00 G Landschaftsökologie', or similar. Reading Fryxell et al. 2014 (see literature) would also provide an excellent background. Participants in the course are expected to have a fair level of background knowledge.
701-0364-00L	Flora, Vegetation and Soils of the Alps	W	3 credits	1V + 2P	A. Widmer, R. Kretzschmar
Abstract	Lecture: Environmental factors and interactions between plants and their environment in the area of the Alps; origin of the flora of the Alps; altitudinal levels and their characteristic vegetations. Field trip: Sites on different substrate in the subalpine and alpine zones; structure and development of the soils, implications for the plants, characteristic vegetation types and plant species.
Objective	Familiarity with environmental factors and the interactions between plants and their environment in the area of the Alps.
Content	Lecture: Environmental factors in the alps; adaptation of plants; patterns of distribution; genesis of the flora of the Alps; altitudinal levels; characteristic vegetation. Field trip: Sites on different substrate (dolomite, acid and basic silicate, serpentine) in the subalpine and alpine zones; structure and development of the soils, implications for the plants, characteristic vegetation types and species at the respective sites.
Lecture notes	see under "Literatur". For the excursion a guide will be available.
Literature	Landolt E. 2003: Unsere Alpenflora. 7.Aufl., SAC-Verlag.
Prerequisites / Notice	Requirements: Solid background in systematic botany; successful participation in the course "Systematic Biology: Plants" (Nr. 701-0360-00). It is further recommended that participants have also participated in the block course "Plant Diversity" (Nr. 701-2314-00L), or alternatively the two courses "Plant Diversity: Colline/Montane" (701-0314-00L) and "Plant Diversity: Subalpine/Alpine" (701-0314-01L). The course consists of the lecture (spring semester, Mo 17-18, CHN G42) and an excursion in July (four days, July 3 to 6, 2019) in the Alps. The examination includes contents from the lecture and excursion. Excursion: Travel costs are covered by ETH Zurich. The Biology and Environmental Systems Science Departments contribute to housing costs for the excursion. The remaining costs of 190 Swiss Francs for accommodation, food and the printed excursion booklet are to be covered by the participants. The excursion takes place in the Alps. Participants therefore must be able and used to walk in steep terrain and have the necessary equipment (most importantly, good hiking shoes). In case of concerns, please contact the responsible person well in advance. Please note that this course will be taught in German.
701-1708-00L	Infectious Disease Dynamics	W	4 credits	2V	S. Bonhoeffer, R. D. Kouyos, R. R. Regös, T. Stadler
Abstract	This course introduces into current research on the population biology of infectious diseases. The course discusses the most important mathematical tools and their application to relevant diseases of human, natural or managed populations.
Objective	Attendees will learn about: * the impact of important infectious pathogens and their evolution on human, natural and managed populations * the population biological impact of interventions such as treatment or vaccination * the impact of population structure on disease transmission Attendees will learn how: * the emergence spread of infectious diseases is described mathematically * the impact of interventions can be predicted and optimized with mathematical models * population biological models are parameterized from empirical data * genetic information can be used to infer the population biology of the infectious disease The course will focus on how the formal methods ("how") can be used to derive biological insights about the host-pathogen system ("about").
Content	After an introduction into the history of infectious diseases and epidemiology the course will discuss basic epidemiological models and the mathematical methods of their analysis. We will then discuss the population dynamical effects of intervention strategies such as vaccination and treatment. In the second part of the course we will introduce into more advanced topics such as the effect of spatial population structure, explicit contact structure, host heterogeneity, and stochasticity. In the final part of the course we will introduce basic concepts of phylogenetic analysis in the context of infectious diseases.
Lecture notes	Slides and script of the lecture will be available online.
Literature	The course is not based on any of the textbooks below, but they are excellent choices as accompanying material: * Keeling & Rohani, Modeling Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals, Princeton Univ Press 2008 * Anderson & May, Infectious Diseases in Humans, Oxford Univ Press 1990 * Murray, Mathematical Biology, Springer 2002/3 * Nowak & May, Virus Dynamics, Oxford Univ Press 2000 * Holmes, The Evolution and Emergence of RNA Viruses, Oxford Univ Press 2009
Prerequisites / Notice	Basic knowledge of population dynamics and population genetics as well as linear algebra and analysis will be an advantage.
701-1410-01L	Quantitative Approaches to Plant Population and Community Ecology	W	2 credits	2V	S. P. Hart
Abstract	This course presents leading problems in plant population and community ecology and modern tools to address them. Topics include the nature of species coexistence, the factors regulating the success and spread of plant invasions, and community responses to human impacts. Students are engaged in discussions of primary literature and develop new scientific skills through practical exercises.
Objective	Students will attain deep insight into topics at the cutting edge of plant ecology/evolutionary research, whilst developing specific skills that can later be applied to basic and applied ecological problems.
751-4505-00L	Plant Pathology II	W	2 credits	2G	B. McDonald
Abstract	Plant Pathology II focuses on disease control in agroecosystems based on biological control, pesticide applications and breeding of resistant crop cultivars. The genetics of pathogen-plant interactions will be explored in detail as a basis for understanding the development of boom-and-bust cycles and methods that may be used to prevent the evolution of pathogen virulence and fungicide resistance.
Objective	An understanding of the how biological control, pesticides and plant breeding can be used to achieve sustainable disease control. An understanding of the genetic basis of pathogen-plant interactions and appropriate methods for using resistance to control diseases in agroecosystems.
Content	Plant Pathology II will focus on disease control in agroecosystems based on biological control, pesticide applications and breeding of resistant crop cultivars. The genetics of pathogen-plant interactions will be explored in detail as a basis for understanding the development of boom-and-bust cycles and methods that may be used to prevent the evolution of pathogen virulence and fungicide resistance. Lecture Topics and Tentative Schedule Week 1 Biological control: biofumigation, disease declines, suppressive soils. Week 2 Biological control: competitive exclusion, hyperparasitism. Week 3 Chemical control: History of fungicides in Europe, fungicide properties, application methods. Week 4 Fungicide categories and modes of action, antibiotics, fungicide development, fungicide safety and risk assessment (human health). Week 5 Resistance to fungicides. Genetics of fungicide resistance, ABC transporters, risk assessment, fitness costs. FRAC risk assessment model vs. population genetic risk assessment model. Week 6 Genetics of pathogen-plant interaction: genetics of pathogens, genetics of plant resistance, major gene and quantitative resistance, acquired resistance. Flor's GFG hypothesis and the quadratic check, the receptor and elicitor model of GFG, the guard model of GFG. Week 7 Resistance gene structure and genome distribution, conservation of LRR motifs across eukaryotes. Genetic basis of quantitative resistance. QTLs and QRLs. Connections between MGR and QR. Durability of QR. Week 8 Genetic resistance: Costs, benefits and risks. Week 9 Non-host resistance. Types of NHR. NHR in Arabidopsis with powdery mildews. NHR in maize and rice. Avirulence genes and pathogen elicitors. PAMPs, effectors, type-III secretion systems, harpins in bacteria. Fungal avirulence genes. Week 10 Easter holiday no class. Week 11 Sechselauten holiday no class. Week 12 Host-specific toxins. GFG for toxins and connection to apoptosis. Fitness costs of virulence alleles. Diversifying selection in NIP1. Week 13 Boom and bust cycles for resistance genes and fungicides and coevolutionary processes. Pathogen genetic structure and evolutionary potential. Genetic structure of pathogen populations in agroecosystems, risk assessment for pathogen evolution and breeding strategies for durable resistance. Week 14 Resistance gene and fungicide deployment strategies for agroecosystems. Week 15 Genetic engineering approaches to achieve disease resistant crops.
Lecture notes	Lecture notes will be available for purchase at the cost of reproduction.
Literature	Lecture notes will be available for purchase at the cost of reproduction.
Prerequisites / Notice	Plant Pathology I provides a good preparation for Plant Pathology II, but is not a prerequisite for this course.
701-1462-00L	Evolution of Social Behavior and Biological Communication Number of participants limited to 24.	W	3 credits	2V	M. Mescher
Abstract	This course addresses presents core concepts in the study of behavior and biological communication from a Darwinian perspective, with a focus on the evolution of sociality and the emergence of higher-level biological organization. It will entail lectures and discussion of selected readings from relevant primary and secondary literature.
Objective	Students will become familiar with the application of Darwinian evolutionary theory to the study of behavior, communication, and social organization. They will also gain insight into the relevance of these topics for broader intellectual questions in biology, as well as for the organization of human societies.
Content	This course will begin with an exploration of key concepts, including the central role of information in biology and Darwinian explanations for the emergence of adaptation and functional complexity in biological systems. We will then discuss the application of these concepts to the study of behavior and communication, with a focus on the evolution of social interactions. Significant attention will also be given to the evolution of cooperation among individual organisms and the emergence and maintenance of complex social organization. Finally, we will discuss the implications of the material covered for understanding human behavior and for the organization of human societies, including implications for implementing collective action to address global environmental challenges. These topics will be covered by lectures and discussion of relevant readings selected by the instructor. Evaluations will be based on in-class or take-home examinations, as well as participation in classroom discussions.
701-1426-00L	Advanced Evolutionary Genetics	W	3 credits	4G	T. Städler, P. C. Brunner
Abstract	The field of evolutionary genetics rests on genetic and evolutionary principles, (often) mathematical models, and molecular data. The explosion in the availability of genome-wide data makes competencies in "making sense" of such data more and more relevant. This course will cover selected topics that are both fundamental and/or currently very active research fields.
Objective	This course deals with (some of) the conceptual foundations of evolutionary genetics in the age of genomics, going well beyond the introductory material that is part of the BSc curriculum. The principal aim is for students to gain a thorough appreciation for the underlying ideas and models of key evolutionary processes, and to witness how these are being tested and refined vis-à-vis the recent deluge of genome-wide sequence data. The course focuses on theoretical concepts and ways to infer the action of evolutionary processes from molecular data; as such it is also designed to facilitate understanding of the burgeoning scientific literature in molecular ecology and evolution. These aims require students to be actively engaged in reading original papers, discussing ideas and data among themselves, and presenting their interpretations in group talks.
Content	There are 4 hours of lectures, student presentations, and/or group work per week. Students are expected to spend 4 additional hours per week on preparatory study for the following week. Every week, one subject will be presented and overseen by one of the two lecturers. Each weekly topic will be introduced by a lecture (max. 2 x 45 minutes), highlighting key concepts and historically important papers. The (slight) majority of the time will be spent with group presentations based on recent important papers, and discussions of the relevant concepts. Specific proposed topics (subject to change): (1) The coalescent in structured populations (e.g. spatial sampling and its genealogical consequences, demographic inference from sequence data, spurious bottlenecks). (2) Population subdivision: evolutionary processes and measures (e.g. spatial models, absolute and relative measures of divergence, Jost's (2008) fundamental insights and their reception). (3) Speciation genetics and modes of species divergence (e.g. intrinsic postzygotic barriers, Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities, snowball effect, genomic islands of divergence). (4) The interplay of linkage, recombination, and selection (e.g. selective sweeps, background selection, Hill-Robertson interference, adaptation). (5) Evolutionary consequences of mating systems (e.g. clonal vs. sexual reproduction, bottlenecks, colonizing potential, efficacy of natural selection). (6) Genomics of virulence evolution (e.g. pathogenicity islands, mobile genetic elements, chromosomal rearrangements).
Lecture notes	No script; handouts and material for downloading will be provided.
Literature	There is no textbook for this course. Relevant literature will be provided for each weekly session, selected mostly from the primary research literature.
Prerequisites / Notice	Requirements: Students must have a good background in genetics, basic population genetics, as well as evolutionary biology. At a minimum, either the course "Population and Quantitative Genetics" or the course "Ecological Genetics" should have been attended, and ideally, both of these ("Evolutionary Genetics" in the D-BIOL curriculum). Teaching Forms: The course consists of lectures, readings, group work, student presentations, and discussions. Active participation and preparation of students is critical for a successful learning experience and outcome.
701-0362-00L	Soils and Vegetation of the Alps Voraussetzungen sind die bestandenen Prüfungen in "Bodenchemie" (701-0533-00L; R. Kretzschmar, D.I. Christl) und "Pedosphäre" (701-0501-00L; R. Kretzschmar). Falls gleichwertige Voraussetzungen (z.B. von anderen Hochschulen) vorliegen, muss eine Teilnahme zuvor mit den Dozenten abgesprochen werden.	W	2 credits	2P	A. Widmer, R. Kretzschmar
Abstract	Field trip: Knowledge of the interactions between plants and environment (especially climate and soil) in the Alps (demonstrated in the Davos region); sites on different substrate (dolomite, acid and basic silicate, serpentine) in the subalpine and alpine zones; structure and development of the soils, implications for the plants, characteristic vegetation types and species at the respective sites.
Objective	Knowledge of the interactions between plants and their environment (especially climate and soil) in the Alps (demonstrated in the Davos region).
Content	Field trip in the Davos region: Sites on different substrat (dolomite, acid and basic silicate, serpentine) in the subalpine and alpine zones; structure and development of the soils, implications for the plants, characteristic vegetation types and species at the respective sites.
Lecture notes	A guide to the excursion will be made available.
Literature	Landolt E. 2003: Unsere Alpenflora. 7.Aufl., SAC-Verlag.
Prerequisites / Notice	Voraussetzungen /Besonderes: Diese Lehrveranstaltung kann nur mit bestandenen Prüfungen in "Bodenchemie" (701-0533-00L; R. Kretzschmar, D.I. Christl) und "Pedosphäre" (701-0501-00L; R. Kretzschmar) belegt werden. Falls gleichwertige Voraussetzungen (z.B. von anderen Hochschulen) vorliegen, muss eine Teilnahme zuvor mit den Dozenten abgesprochen werden. Studierende, die auch die Vorlesung "Flora und Vegetation der Alpen" (701-0364-00V; A. Widmer) belegen, können diese Lehrveranstaltung nicht zusätzlich belegen Besonderes Die viertägigen Exkursion in der Region Davos findet statt vom Mittwoch, 3. Juli bis Samstag, 6. Juli 2019. Die Reisekosten werden von der ETH Zürich übernommen; die Departemente Biologie und Umweltsystemwissenschaften leisten einen Beitrag an die Unterkunftskosten; die restlichen Kosten (Unterkunft inkl. Vollpension und Exkursionsführer) von 190 Fr. müssen von den Teilnehmenden übernommen werden. Die Exkursionen finden in den Bergen statt. Die Teilnehmenden müssen deshalb geländegängig sein, auch in steilem Gelände. Bei Bedenken bitten wir um rechtzeitige Kontaktaufnahme, damit wir die Situation vorgängig analysieren und besprechen können.

Elective Concept Courses
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
551-0314-00L	Microbiology (Part II)	W	3 credits	2V	W.‑D. Hardt, L. Eberl, H.‑M. Fischer, J. Piel, J. Vorholt-Zambelli
Abstract	Advanced lecture class providing a broad overview on bacterial cell structure, genetics, metabolism, symbiosis and pathogenesis.
Objective	This concept class will be based on common concepts and introduce to the enormous diversity among bacteria and archaea. It will cover the current research on bacterial cell structure, genetics, metabolism, symbiosis and pathogenesis.
Content	Advanced class covering the state of the research in bacterial cell structure, genetics, metabolism, symbiosis and pathogenesis.
Lecture notes	Updated handouts will be provided during the class.
Literature	Current literature references will be provided during the lectures.
Prerequisites / Notice	English

Elective Major: Neurosciences
Elective Compulsory Concept Courses See D-BIOL Master Studies Guide
Number	Title	Type	ECTS	Hours	Lecturers
551-0326-00L	Cell Biology	W	6 credits	4V	S. Werner, M. Bordoli, R. Henneberger, W. Kovacs, M. Schäfer, U. Suter, A. Wutz
Abstract	This Course introduces principle concepts, techniques, and experimental strategies used in modern Cell Biology. Major topics include: neuron-glia interactions in health and disease; mitochondrial dynamics; stem cell biology; growth factor action in development, tissue repair and disease; cell metabolism, in particular sensing and signaling mechanisms, cell organelles, and lipid metabolism.
Objective	-To prepare the students for successful and efficient lab work by learning how to ask the right questions and to use the appropriate techniques in a research project. -To convey knowledge about neuron-glia interactions in health and disease. - To provide information on different types of stem cells and their function in health and disease -To provide information on growth factor signaling in development, repair and disease and on the use of growth factors or their receptors as drug targets for major human diseases -To convey knowledge on the mechanisms underlying repair of injured tissues -To provide the students with an overview of mitochondrial dynamics. -Providing an understanding of RNA processing reactions and their regulations. -To provide a comprehensive understanding of metabolic sensing mechanisms occurring in different cell types and organelles in response to glucose, hormones, oxygen, nutrients as well as lipids, and to discuss downstream signaling pathways and cellular responses. -To provide models explaining how disturbances in complex metabolic control networks and bioenergetics can lead to disease and to highlight latest experimental approaches to uncover the intricacies of metabolic control at the cellular and organismal level. -Providing the background and context that foster cross-disciplinary scientific thinking.
551-0318-00L	Immunology II	W	3 credits	2V	A. Oxenius, M. Kopf, S. R. Leibundgut, E. Wetter Slack, further lecturers
Abstract	Introduction into the cellular and molecular basis of the immune system and immune responses against diverse pathogens, tumors, transplants, and self (autoimmunity)
Objective	The lectures will provide a detailed understanding: - how innate and adaptive immune responses interact at the cellular and molecular level. - how the immune system recognizes and fights against pathogenic microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. - why lymphocytes tolerate self molecules. - about function and dysfunction the intestinal immune system. - immunopathology and inflammatory diseases.
Content	The aim of lecture is to understand: > How pathogens are recognized by the innate immune system > Immune defense against various pathogens > Immunology of the skin, lung and intestines > Tumor immunology > Migration and homing of immune cells > tolerance and autoimmunity > T cell memory
Lecture notes	Presentations of the lecturers are available at the Moodle link
Literature	Recommended: Kuby Immunology (Freeman)
551-0320-00L	Cellular Biochemistry (Part II)	W	3 credits	2V	Y. Barral, R. Kroschewski, A. E. Smith
Abstract	This course will focus on molecular mechanisms and concepts underlying cellular biochemistry, providing advanced insights into the structural and functional details of individual cell components, and the complex regulation of their interactions. Particular emphasis will be on the spatial and temporal integration of different molecules and signaling pathways into global cellular processes.
Objective	The full-year course (551-0319-00 & 551-0320-00) focuses on the molecular mechanisms and concepts underlying the biochemistry of cellular physiology, investigating how these processes are integrated to carry out highly coordinated cellular functions. The molecular characterization of complex cellular functions requires a combination of approaches such as biochemistry, but also cell biology and genetics. This course is therefore the occasion to discuss these techniques and their integration in modern cellular biochemistry. The students will be able to describe the structural and functional details of individual cell components, and the spatial and temporal regulation of their interactions. In particular, they will learn to explain how different molecules and signaling pathways can be integrated during complex and highly dynamic cellular processes such as intracellular transport, cytoskeletal rearrangements, cell motility, and cell division. In addition, they will be able to illustrate the relevance of particular signaling pathways for cellular pathologies such as cancer or during cellular infection.
Content	Spatial and temporal integration of different molecules and signaling pathways into global cellular processes, such as cell division, cell infection and cell motility. Emphasis is also put on the understanding of pathologies associated with defective cell physiology, such as cancer or during cellular infection.
Literature	Recommended supplementary literature (review articles and selected primary literature) will be provided during the course.
Prerequisites / Notice	To attend this course the students must have a solid basic knowledge in chemistry, biochemistry, cell biology and general biology. Biology students have in general already attended the first part of the "Cellular Biochemistry" concept course (551-0319-00). The course will be taught in English. In addition, the course will be based on a blended-learning scenario, where frontal lectures will be complemented with carefully chosen web-based teaching elements that students access through the ETH Moodle platform.

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