Suchergebnis: Katalogdaten im Herbstsemester 2017

Umweltnaturwissenschaften Bachelor Information
Bachelor-Studium (Studienreglement 2016)
Naturwissenschaftliche und technische Wahlfächer
Bodenwissenschaften
NummerTitelTypECTSUmfangDozierende
701-0533-00LBodenchemieW3 KP2GR. Kretzschmar, D. I. Christl
KurzbeschreibungDieser Kurs behandelt chemische und biogeochemische Prozesse in Böden und deren Einfluss auf das Verhalten und Kreisläufe von Nähr- und Schadstoffen in terrestrischen Systemen. Konzeptionelle Ansätze zur quantitativen Beschreibung der Prozesse werden eingeführt.
LernzielVerständnis wichtiger chemischer Eigenschaften und Prozesse in Böden, und wie sie das Verhalten (z.B. chemische Bindungsform, Bioverfügbarkeit, Mobilität) von Nährstoffen und Schadstoffen beeinflussen.
InhaltWichtige Themen sind die Struktur und Eigenschaften von Tonmineralen und Oxiden, die Chemie der Bodenlösung, Gasgleichgewichte, Ausfällung und Auflösung von Mineralphasen, Kationenaustausch, Oberflächenkomplexierung, Chemie der organischen Substanz, Redoxreaktionen in überfluteten Böden, Bodenversauerung und Bodenversalzung.
SkriptHandouts in der Vorlesung.
Literatur- Ausgewählte Kapitel aus: Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, 2005.
- Kapitel 2 und 5 in Scheffer/Schachtschabel - Lehrbuch der Bodenkunde, 16. Auflage, Spektrum, 2010.
701-0535-00LEnvironmental Soil Physics/Vadose Zone Hydrology Information W3 KP2G + 2UD. Or
KurzbeschreibungThe course provides theoretical and practical foundations for understanding and characterizing physical and transport properties of soils/ near-surface earth materials, and quantifying hydrological processes and fluxes of mass and energy at multiple scales. Emphasis is given to land-atmosphere interactions, the role of plants on hydrological cycles, and biophysical processes in soils.
LernzielStudents are able to
- characterize quantitative knowledge needed to measure and parameterize structural, flow and transport properties of partially-saturated porous media.
- quantify driving forces and resulting fluxes of water, solute, and heat in soils.
- apply modern measurement methods and analytical tools for hydrological data collection
- conduct and interpret a limited number of experimental studies
- explain links between physical processes in the vadose-zone and major societal and environmental challenges
InhaltWeeks 1 to 3: Physical Properties of Soils and Other Porous Media – Units and dimensions, definitions and basic mass-volume relationships between the solid, liquid and gaseous phases; soil texture; particle size distributions; surface area; soil structure. Soil colloids and clay behavior

Soil Water Content and its Measurement - Definitions; measurement methods - gravimetric, neutron scattering, gamma attenuation; and time domain reflectometry; soil water storage and water balance.

Weeks 4 to 5: Soil Water Retention and Potential (Hydrostatics) - The energy state of soil water; total water potential and its components; properties of water (molecular, surface tension, and capillary rise); modern aspects of capillarity in porous media; units and calculations and measurement of equilibrium soil water potential components; soil water characteristic curves definitions and measurements; parametric models; hysteresis. Modern aspects of capillarity

Demo-Lab: Laboratory methods for determination of soil water characteristic curve (SWC), sensor pairing

Weeks 6 to 9: Water Flow in Soil - Hydrodynamics:
Part 1 - Laminar flow in tubes (Poiseuille's Law); Darcy's Law, conditions and states of flow; saturated flow; hydraulic conductivity and its measurement.

Lab #1: Measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity in uniform and layered soil columns using the constant head method.

Part 2 - Unsaturated steady state flow; unsaturated hydraulic conductivity models and applications; non-steady flow and Richard’s Eq.; approximate solutions to infiltration (Green-Ampt, Philip); field methods for estimating soil hydraulic properties.
Midterm exam

Lab #2: Measurement of vertical infiltration into dry soil column - Green-Ampt, and Philip's approximations; infiltration rates and wetting front propagation.

Part 3 - Use of Hydrus model for simulation of unsaturated flow


Week 10 to 11: Energy Balance and Land Atmosphere Interactions - Radiation and energy balance; evapotranspiration definitions and estimation; transpiration, plant development and transpirtation coefficients – small and large scale influences on hydrological cycle; surface evaporation.

Week 12 to 13: Solute Transport in Soils – Transport mechanisms of solutes in porous media; breakthrough curves; convection-dispersion eq.; solutions for pulse and step solute application; parameter estimation; salt balance.

Lab #3: Miscible displacement and breakthrough curves for a conservative tracer through a column; data analysis and transport parameter estimation.

Additional topics:

Temperature and Heat Flow in Porous Media - Soil thermal properties; steady state heat flow; nonsteady heat flow; estimation of thermal properties; engineering applications.

Biological Processes in the Vaodse Zone – An overview of below-ground biological activity (plant roots, microbial, etc.); interplay between physical and biological processes. Focus on soil-atmosphere gaseous exchange; and challenges for bio- and phytoremediation.
SkriptClassnotes on website: Vadose Zone Hydrology, by Or D., J.M. Wraith, and M. Tuller
(available at the beginning of the semester)
Link
LiteraturSupplemental textbook (not mandatory) -Environmental Soil Physics, by: D. Hillel
  •  Seite  1  von  1